轨道模型对车辆动力学性能的影响分析

Effects of Trajectory Model on Dynamics Performance of Vehicles

基于多体动力学软件UM建立了车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分别计算了车辆在无质量轨道和刚性轨道模型下的非线性临界速度、脱轨系数、车体振动加速度及轮重减载率等动力学参数.计算结果表明,车辆在刚性轨道模型下的非线性临界速度增大,同时车体的振动加速度、轮轨垂向力、轮轴横向力、轮重减载率都有不同程度上的增大,但其脱轨系数却比无质量轨道模型下的有所减小.采用刚性轨道模型较无质量轨道模型更能较真实地反映车辆的动力学性态.

A vehicle-track coupled dynamic model is established based on the multi-body dynamics software UM. Kinetic parameters, such as nonlinear critical speed, derailment coefficient, vibra- tion acceleration and wheel load reduction rate of the vehicle with massless track and rigid track are calculated,respectively. The results shove that with the increase of nonlinear critical speed of the vehicle in rigid track model, the vibration acceleration of the vehicle body, the wheel rail verti- cal force,lateral wheelset force, wheel load reduction rate of the vehicle increase in different de- grees,but the derailment coefficient is less than that in massless track model. Therefore,the rigid track model can reflect the dynamic behavior of the vehicle more accurately than the massless track model.