“国企低效论”符合事实吗?——基于中国汽车工业上市公司经营数据的测度与验证

Is State-owned Enterprises Low-Efficiency：The Measure and Examine Based on China＇s Automobile Industrial Listed Companies Database

在国有企业改革发展的讨论中,国企与民企的效率之争常常成为国资之辩的焦点。有些人极力鼓吹＂国企低效论＂,以此反对国资控股。事实上,国有企业在保持经济持续稳定增长的同时,也在加快转型,保持较快的进步速率,＂国企低效论＂既不符合逻辑,也不符合事实。由此,本文利用DEA的CCR模型和Bilateral模型,以中国汽车工业22家上市公司数据为样本,统计分析了各企业2014年前三季度投入产出数据,成本率、净资产收益率、存货周转率等动态评价指标,进行了经营效率的有效性分析,并解决了单一企业分析——非DEA有效的决策单元如何改进和提高经营效率,结果显示,选择的22家上市公司企业经营效率非常不均衡,投入产出率相差较大。进一步对比研究发现,中国汽车工业上市公司中的国有汽车企业具有明显的效率优势,计量模型估计结果都稳健地支持了该结论。本文的政策建议是：国有汽车企业必须建立更加科学的现代企业制度,进一步推行混合所有制改革,通过监督和激励机制设计进一步提高经济效益,同时注重生产要素和人才资源配置优化,避免生产中的剩余索取权与剩余控制权的不匹配所导致的效率损失。

In the discussion of reform and development of state-owned enterprises,the dispute of two kinds of views is focused on the efficiency.Someone supports it,but others object it.In fact,state-owned enterprises has been hit well and economic benefit increased steadily.This paper applies the CCR and Bilateral of DEA model to decompose total-factor energy efficiency.Measure and examine based on China＇s automobile industrial listed companies Database,this paper studies the regional energy efficiency in China＇s automobile industrial companies.Findings show that China＇s automobile industrial companies of scale economy still remains a low level,and the state-owned enterprises are more efficient than private enterprises.The scale efficiency is not the main factor that affects the operational efficiency.Further research indicates that state-owned automobile enterprises must establish the modern enterprise system,attach great importance to the development of mixed ownership economy,and study on entrepreneur＇s manpower capital and incentive mechanism in enterprise management,start from residual claim and residual rights of control at the same time,that regards reducing efficiency losing as a final goal.