戊型肝炎病毒传播的研究进展

Advances in the study of hepatitis E virus transmission

戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是一种RNA病毒,主要分为4种基因型。HEV-1、HEV-2基因型主要经污染的水在人类循环传播;HEV-3、HEV-4基因型是典型的人兽共患病病毒,它们主要感染猪、野猪和鹿,也感染兔、鼠、禽类、羊等其他动物,可经污染水、未煮熟肉类及内脏进入食物链而感染人。感染HEV后多表现为自限性疾病,但少数转为慢性肝炎、肝硬化等肝病。HEV感染呈全球性分布,除30年前我国新疆由HEV-1引起的一起戊型肝炎疫情外,我国主要是由HEV-4引起的散发感染。随着国家"一带一路"战略的不断推进,从国外输入毒力更强的HEV-1病毒株风险极高。我国已研制出预防HEV感染的疫苗HEV239,并于2011年批准该疫苗生产和使用,这将对我国控制戊型肝炎流行起重要作用。

Hepatitis E virus is an RNA virus,which is classified into 4genotypes.HEV-1and HEV-2genotypes are transmitted by the contaminated water in human infections.HEV-3and HEV-4genotypes are typical zoonosis viruses,which mainly infect pig,wild boar and deer,and also could infect rabbit,rat,sheep,poultry and other animals.In addition,HEV-1and HEV-2oceasionally infect human beings via foodborne transmission by the contaminated water,undercooked meat and viscera.HEV Infection is a self limiting disease,but a few of the infections turn into chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and other liver diseases.HEV infection is globally prevelent.In China,the majority of infections HEV-4caused sporadic cases except an HEV-1outbreak in Xinjiang 30 years ago.The continuous development of the ＂ One Belt and Road＂ initiative may increase the risk of introducing more virulent HEV-1viruses from overseas countries.China has developed a vaccine（HEV239）to prevent the infection of hepatitis E virus,Which will play an important role in the control of HEV epidemic in China.