反旋深松联合作业耕整机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Combined Tillage Implement of Reverse-rotary and Subsoiling

针对现有深松旋耕联合作业机多为深松部件在前、旋耕部件在后的组合结构,较少考虑各工作部件作业时之间的相互影响,本文基于深松部件、旋耕部件作业之间的交互作用,设计一种用于深耕的反旋深松联合作业耕整机,通过旋耕、深松、镇压多工序实现表层土壤细碎、秸秆埋覆,深层土壤疏松目的。整机以提高作业质量、减少作业阻力为设计目标,运用离散元仿真与正交试验、有限元仿真结合进行整机参数优化。离散元仿真结果表明:机具作业速度v_m为1.8 km/h、刀轴转速n为350 r/min、旋耕刀类型X为IIT195弯刀时,机具作业壅土量为5 283个土壤颗粒,植被覆盖率为98.37%,此时综合作业质量较优;有限元仿真结果验证了深松铲设计强度满足作业要求。以较优参数组合为基础的田间试验结果表明:反旋深松联合作业耕整机旋耕深度、深松深度、地表平整度、土壤膨松度分别为182.8 mm、388.4 mm、18.3 mm、17.22%;旋耕深度稳定性、深松深度稳定性、植被覆盖率均在90%以上,完全满足深层土壤整地需求;与深松旋耕联合整地机相比,反旋深松联合作业耕整机在不影响作业效果前提下,提高了耕深稳定性、植被覆盖率,同时使牵引阻力降低了16.21%,作业稳定性、可靠性较好。

Considering most of the present combined machines of rotary and subsoiling usually place subsoiling components in front of rotary components,without the research of interaction between these two working components,based on the interaction between subsoiling and rotary tillage components,a combined tillage implement of reverse-rotary and subsoiling for deep ploughing was designed and developed. The overall implement aimed at deepening the working depth,improving the working quality and reducing tillage resistance,with focus on the interaction research of the process of rotary tillage and subsoiling components. Whole implement parameter was optimized by discrete element method（ DEM）,orthogonal experiment and finite element analysis（ FEM） simulation. As indicated in the results of simulated orthogonal experiment,working quality was the best when operation speed was 1. 8 km/h,rotary speed was 350 r/min,rotary blade type X was IIT195,in which case particle amount of heap soil quantity was 5 283,straw coverage was 98. 37%; the results of DEM demonstrated that the strength met the working requirements. Field test based on optimal parameters showed that rotary tillage depth was 182. 8 mm,subsoiling depth was 388. 4 mm,surface flatness was 18. 3 mm and soil bulkiness was 17. 22% for the combined tillage implement of reverse-rotary and subsoiling; rotary tillage depth stability,subsoiling depth stability and straw coverage were all beyond 90%,which completely met the soil preparation requirement in deep layer. Compared with combined subsoiling and rotary cultivator,this combined tillage implement of reverse-rotary and subsoiling had better consistence of working depths,higher vegetation coverage and the tillage resistance was reduced by 16. 21% under qualified working quality,and it had high working stability and reliability. The development of this implement can provide reference for deep layer cultivation and tillage resistance combined cultivator in arid areas of North China.