摘要
于2014—2016年在河北涿州保护性耕作试验田开展了设置6种不同秸秆覆盖还田量:5 t/hm^2(全量还田,OM)、4 t/hm^2(80%还田,EM)、3 t/hm^2(60%还田,SM)、2 t/hm^2(40%还田,FM)、1 t/hm^2(20%还田,TM)及无秸秆覆盖地表(NM)的田间试验,分析了不同秸秆覆盖量对田间土壤含水率、冬小麦出苗率、叶面积指数(LAI)、根系生长及产量的影响。试验结果表明,秸秆覆盖量与土壤含水率之间呈线性关系,含水率随秸秆覆盖量增大而增大;冬小麦出苗率随秸秆覆盖量先增大后减小,FM处理出苗率最优,2014—2016年FM平均出苗率比TM、NM、SM、EM、OM分别大6.9%、10.0%、11.9%、23.8%、33.7%;2014—2016年冬小麦整个生长周期内,FM、TM、NM、SM、EM、OM处理平均LAI分别为5.3、4.5、3.6、4.0、3.3、3.0;2014—2016年FM、TM、NM、SM、EM、OM处理最大根长密度分别为0.98、0.95、0.93、0.93、0.86、0.67 cm/cm^3;2014—2016年FM处理冬小麦平均产量分别比TM、NM、SM、EM、OM高2.94%、7.56%、7.91%、11.50%、13.53%。适量秸秆覆盖(2 t/hm^2)能促进冬小麦生长,实现增产,秸秆覆盖量较大时应该增加播量并提高播种机防堵质量。
Straw mulching is one of the core techniques of conservation tillage,which can reduce soil erosion and improve soil water use efficiency. Some researchers believe that straw mulching is conducive to wheat growth,while some researchers repute that straw mulching could hinder winter wheat growth. In order to investigate the effect of maize straw mulching on winter wheat growth in North China region under double cropping area,a three-year( 2014 to 2016) field experiment was carried out in Zhuozhou City,Hebei Province conservation tillage experiment land. The experiment was performed using randomized complete block design with three replications. A series of straw mulching were arranged in field experiment,including 5 t/hm^2( OM),4 t/hm^2( EM),3 t/hm^2( SM),2 t/hm^2( FM),1 t/hm^2( TM) and 0 t/hm^2( NM),which was controlled trials. The effect of maize straw mulching on soil volume water content,wheat emergence rate,wheat leaf area index,maize root dry weight and yield were evaluated.The results indicated that there was a linear relationship between maize straw mulching quantity and soil water content,the soil water content was increased with the increase of straw mulching amount. The emergence rate of wheat was increased with the increase of straw mulching amount,and FM treatment got the maximum emergence rate. The wheat emergence under FM treatment was significantly higher than those under TM,NM,SM,EM and OM treatments,and the average emergence rate under FM treatment was increased by 6. 9%,10. 0%,11. 9%,23. 8% and 33. 7%,respectively,compared with those under TM,NM,SM,EM and OM treatments during the period from 2014 to 2016. The mean wheat LAI under FM,TM,NM,SM,EM and OM treatments was 5. 3,4. 5,3. 6,4. 0,3. 3 and 3. 0,respectively,in the whole wheat growing season during the period from 2014 to 2016. The maximum mean wheat rootdensity of wheat under FM,TM,NM,SM,EM and OM treatments was 0. 98 cm/cm^3,0. 95 cm/cm^3,0. 93 cm/cm^3,0. 93 cm/cm^3,0. 86 cm/cm^3 and 0. 67 cm/cm^3,respectively,during the period from^2014 to 2016. The mean yield of winter wheat under FM treatment was increased by 2. 94%,7. 56%,7. 91%,11. 50% and 13. 53%,respectively,compared with TM,NM,SM,EM and OM treatments during the period from 2014 to 2016. Finally,it was concluded that appropriate amount of straw mulching( 2 t/hm^2) could promote wheat growth and increase yield. The seeding rate should be increased and the qualities of no-tillage seeders should be improved,especially in anti-blocking device and sowing depth consistency. The research result can be helpful to the promotion of the technology of straw return in annual maize-wheat rotation cropping region of North China.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期192-198,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136)
关键词
冬小麦
玉米秸秆覆盖
土壤含水率
出苗率
叶面积指数
产量
winter wheat
maize straw mulching
soil water content
emergence rate
leaf area index
yield