李煦与西洋传教士接触及其对曹雪芹创作《红楼梦》的影响

Li Xu's Contact with Western Missionaries Based on Christian Historical Data

方豪先生曾在黄伯禄辑《正教奉褒》中发现一则有关李煦与西洋人直接交往的史料,正如方豪所自诩:这"是《红楼梦》研究史上一大发现",它"绝无疑义"地证实了李煦与西洋人发生过直接交往,是曹雪芹先人与西洋人存在直接关系的明证。不过,就笔者寓目所及,有关李煦与西洋人接触史料,仅教会文献所载,就至少还有以下三端:一是李煦于宁波知府任上接待过洪若翰、白晋、李明、刘应、张诚等五名法国耶稣会士;二是李煦于畅春园郎中任上接待过众多赴园西洋传教士;三是李煦任职江南后,由于接驾等原因,仍与西教士存在接触。李煦在与西教士频繁接触过程中形成的人生经验,对西洋人、西洋物和西洋学术文化的认知以及对待异质西洋文化的态度,对曹雪芹创作《红楼梦》存在间接影响。

Mr. Fang Hao came across some historical records of Li Xu＇s contact with western missionaries from Orthodox Praise by Huang Bailu and declared that it was a major discovery on Dream of Red Mansions research and confirmed beyond question that Li had a direct contact with western missionaries, which was a solid evidence that there was a direct relationship between Cao Xueqin＇s ancestor and the westerners. However, this paper holds that the historical materials of the Church contain more information as follows： First of all, when he was the governor of Ningbo prefecture, Li Xu played host to five French Jesuits, including Hang John, Bai Jin, Li Ming, Liu Ying, and Zhang Chang, etc. In addition, he treated more western missionaries during his term of office in Changchun Yuan. Lastly, Li still kept in touch with not a few western missionaries when he took office in south China for the sake of greeting the emperor. In short, Li＇s life experience, perception of western objects and western academic culture, and his attitude to the west- em culture, exerted an indirect impact upon Cao Xueqin＇s writing of Dream of Red Mansions.