基于Pyrosim的宿舍楼火灾模拟分析

Analysis of the dormitory building fire risk based on the Pyrosim simulation

为研究不同火灾工况对宿舍楼火灾过程的影响,应用Pyrosim对某大学东六宿舍进行火灾动态模拟,对比分析了宿舍大楼所有门窗全开状态和着火房间窗户闭合、门在20 s后打开的状态下,宿舍楼各部分温度、烟气层高度、门窗热流量及烟气蔓延特点。Pyrosim模拟结果表明,在火灾爆发的前20 s内,火势发展与门窗开合状态无关。在火灾中后期,门窗全开状态下,着火房间的温度及热流量较低、烟气层离地的高度较高,着火房间上方的宿舍受烟气影响较为严重;而在着火房间窗户闭合、门在20 s后打开状态下,横向走廊及各层楼梯处受烟气影响较严重。

This paper is inclined to bring about an analysis of likely-to-be existing factors to cause the dormitory fire risks by taking No. 6 Dormitory of a certain university as a case study sample. In the paper,we have illustrated such factors of the building fire as the temperature,the smoke layer height,the heat flow,and the smoke movement in two different conditions with all the windows and doors being open,or with the windows closed but the doors opened 20 seconds later after the fire broke out. In doing so,we have also set up two conditions according to the two general situations of the students＇ dormitories（ with the students living in at night for sleep and with them engaged in some daily activities）. The results of the Pyrosim simulated research indicate that there doesn＇t seem to have any correlation or correlations be-tween the fire appearance and the two conditions mentioned above during the first 20 s since the fire broke out. And,later,when the doors and windows are opened,high temperature areas of the stairs would come into the room whereas the overall temperature in the dormitory remains lower and the smoke thickness begins to rise abruptly. Comparing the conditions with the windows closed and the door opened 20 s later,the high temperature area of the stairs would become spread over the upper space. Moreover,when the fire broke out,part of the violent heat may tend to propagate through the doors and windows. In such a situation,most of the heat would spread and propagate the high temperature of the fire to the firing room. Furthermore,with the aggravation of the fire disasters,the heat flow from the door and the accumulated heat flow in the firing room may turn to become much lower than that situation with the windows closed and the doors opened 20 s later. Thus,in the whole process,the upper stories of the fire building would be seriously suffered by the smoke in case the windows and doors of the firing room were opened. In contracts,the corridors and stairs would be more seriously affected by the smoke when the room windows in fire are closed with the door opened 20 seconds later.