奎屯高砷地下水灌溉区居民头发和指甲中砷含量研究

On the arsenic content rate in the hair and nail of the residents due to the high arsenic groundwater pollution in Kuitun irrigated area,Xinjiang

近十几年来,奎屯垦区高砷地下水被广泛用于农业灌溉,会在一定程度上降低改水措施对防治砷地方病的效果。为了解高砷地下水灌溉对居民体内砷累积的影响,选择头发和指甲作为评价指标,通过随机采集样品并用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定样品中总As及As(Ⅲ)质量比的方式,对奎屯高砷地下水灌溉区居民砷污染健康影响现况进行了研究。结果表明,头发样品中总砷质量比为0.20~1.47μg/g(n=37),其中As(Ⅲ)质量比为0.06~0.67μg/g(n=32);51.35%的样品中总砷质量比高于卫生部标准(0.60μg/g),18.92%高于中国居民头发总砷正常值上限建议值(1.00μg/g),头发总砷质量比随居民居住年限和年龄增大而增大。指甲样品中总砷质量比为0.08~0.35μg/g(n=13),且与头发中总砷质量比呈正相关,当地居民体内呈现缓慢的As蓄积特征。改水30年后,奎屯垦区居民体内仍存在较高的砷水平,高砷地下水灌溉造成的人体健康风险不容忽视。

The present article is to devote itself to an investigation and analysis of the arsenic content rate in the hair and nails of the local residents of Kuitun area,Xinjiang,due to the high arsenic groundwater pollution caused by irrigation. The problem comes from the fact that the groundwater in the reclaimed Kuitun area of Xinjiang has been found highly polluted with the arsenic content.Seeing the problem,the local government has made a decision to forbid the water from the daily living consumption but only for farming irrigation since the previous decade. Though the change in policy is expected to prevent the arsenic poisoning risk from the influence on the local endemic exposure better than the situation of the decades ago,the accumulated poisoning effect of the arsenic content rate in the hair and nail of the local residents remains serious and detrimental to be measured and relieved from the point of view of the pollution reduction. According to the national allowable limit of arsenic content in human bodies published by the state government as a means for quantifying the effect of the crop contamination by arsenic on the human health in Kuitun,we have collected randomly the air and nail samples from the local residents,both of males and females,in the area for study. As a result of investigation and measurement of the total arsenic and arsenite level in the hair and nail of the subjects by using hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry,it has been found that the total arsenic content concentrations in the hair range from 0. 20 μg/g to 1. 47 μg/g（ n = 37）,wherein the arsenite content varies from0. 06 μg/g to 0. 67 μg/g（ n = 32）,of which 21. 78%-59. 78% of the total arsenic belongs to arsenite. Moreover,about 51. 35% of the total hair samples analyzed prove to exceed the health tolerable,that is,0. 60 μg/g for the arsenic in the hairs stated by the Ministry and 18. 92% of them beyond the upper limit（ 1. 00μg/g） according to the said tolerable limit. Furthermore,the total arsenic content rate in the nail ranges from 0. 08 μg/g to 0. 35μg/g（ n = 13）,which can be taken as positively related to the arsenic content in the hair. What is more,it has been found increasing with the increase of the people＇s age and the time length of residency. And,even worse to be mentioned,there is still a slow growing trend of arsenic accumulation in the local residents perhaps due to the translocation via a food chain following the plant uptake from the arsenic contaminated soils even for 30 years since the drinking water resources have been changed and given up,. Therefore,some certain effective counter-measures have to be adopted to challenge the threatening As-rising trend.