糖尿病患者种植义齿临床预后评估体系的建立及相关护理

The construction of clinical outcome evaluation system for dental implant patients with diabetes and their nursing care

目的比较糖尿病患者与无糖尿病患者的种植体周围牙周临床指标、种植体周围动度及骨吸收指标在种植手术不同时期的变化规律,为建立糖尿病种植患者的临床预后评估及术后护理提供参考依据。方法上颌后牙区牙缺失患者共30名,分为糖尿病组和正常组(各15名),选择种植术前以及种植术后1周、3个月,记录菌斑指数(PLI)和龈沟出血指数(SBI)的检测值;选择种植手术后即刻、种植术后1周和3个月,检测种植体稳固值和骨吸收情况。结果与正常组相比,糖尿病组的PLI和SBI的检测值、种植体稳固值和骨吸收情况的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论糖尿病患者种植体周围PLI、SBI在种植手术不同时期均高于无糖尿病患者,种植体周围动度及骨吸收指标高于无糖尿病患者,可作为建立糖尿病种植义齿患者的临床预后评估体系的依据,对种植体的临床预后具有前瞻性的评估。

Objective This study compares perio-implant clinical indexes, implant feasibility, and bone resorption of patients with and without diabetes at different post-surgery periods and aims to construct a clinical outcome evaluation system for diabetic implant patients and provide reference data for post-surgery care. Methods A total of 30 implant patients with missing upper molar were selected; 15 were diabetic patients. Plaque index（PLI） and sulcus bleeding index（SBI） were recorded accordingly before surgery, 1 week post-surgery, and 3 months post-surgery. Implant mobility and bone resorption were measured immediately after surgery, 1 week post-surgery, and 3 months post-surgery. Results Results showed statistically significant differences among four indexes between the two groups（P〈0.01）. Conclusion PLI and SBI of diabetic patients were higher than those of regular patients. Diabetic patients presented higher implant mobility and bone resorption than the control group. These indicators can also be used to establish an implant clinical prognosis evaluation system for diabetic patients based on prespectived assessment of implants.