以色列判例法上的“错误出生”诉讼——以国最高法院“哈默案”判决述评

An Erroneous Birth Lawsuit in Israeli Case Law——Sentence Review on Hammer Case in Israeli Supreme Court

本文从比较法的角度,对以色列最高法院"哈默案"判决及其论证进行了述评,旨在供我国法院相关判案借鉴:从过失侵权的因果关系、损害名目、损害计算、侵害自主决定等构成要件展开;废弃"错误生命"诉因而认可"错误出生"诉因;得出"错误出生"纠纷属过失侵权案件的判论——孩子成年前的额外费用、成年后的额外和一般费用以及纯粹精神损害,可得到赔偿;对自主决定的侵害系独立诉因,得单独主张,亦可与前述损害合并主张。

The sentence of Hammer case in Israeli Supreme Court starts arguments from following key components： the causal relationship of the negligence, damage items, damag the aspects of the e calculation, and damage self-determination, etc., abandon false life cause, acknowledge the wrong birth cause, and concludes that it is wrong birth dispute and is a negligence case. Additional costs before the child grows up, additional and general expenses after the child grows up, and pure mental impairment can all be compensated. The self- determined damage is independent cause of action, and shall be independently asserted and may also be consolidated with the aforementioned damages. This paper makes a review of the case from the perspective of comparative law, aiming at providing a useful reference for court cases in China.