取象比类思维下的中药药性理论探析

Theory Exploration Nature of Chinese Herb: Based on Analogy Thinking

通过查阅中药药性理论古代医籍,将其中基于取象比类思维指导下的中药药性理论进行整合分析,发现取象比类思维被广泛运用于涵盖中药命名、四气五味、趋向性、归经、毒性以及炮制等中药药性理论中。其中基于取象比类思维的中药命名包括取性状、取药性气味功能、取生成环境而命名;四气五味包括以性状、以生成、合体用而定;趋向性包括以阴阳定清浊升降、以气味厚薄论升降、以形质生成定趋向;归经包括以形归经、五行归经论、经络脏腑归经论;毒性包括审阴阳四气定毒性、合五味释毒性;炮制包括参药性气味以炮制、秉辅料之性以炮制。古代医家基于形象-征象-意象三重境界而不断丰富药性认知,形成动态而崇尚天人合一的中药药性系统。

By consulting ancient medical books on theory of nature of Chinese herb,the author makes confluence analysis on nature of Chinese herb based on analogy thinking guidance and finds that analogy thinking is widely used in theories of Chinese herb nature,including herb naming,four-nature five-flavor,trend,channel tropism,toxicity,processing,etc. Herb naming based on analogy thinking includes naming by shape-properties,herb nature,flavor,function and growing environment. Four-nature five-flavor includes determining by shape-properties,growth and substantial-function. Trend includes determining clear-turbidity-ascend-descend from Yin-yang,discussing ascenddescend from thin or thick flavor and determining the trend from shape-quality. Channel tropism includes channel tropism by shape,five-phase channel tropism theory and channel-collateral Zang-fu viscera tropism theory. Toxicity includes determining the toxicity from judging Yin-yang and four-nature,as well as explaining the toxicity from combining five-flavor. Processing includes processing consulting herb nature and flavor,as well as processing according to the nature of accessories. Based on three grades of image,sign and imagery,ancient physicians enrich the cognition of herb nature and form a dynamic Chinese herb nature system advocating the harmony between man and universe.