荷兰绘画的黄金时代

Dutch Painting in Golden Age

在西方艺术史中,17世纪的荷兰画家们所生活的时代被誉为"荷兰黄金时代"。得益于阿姆斯特丹港口贸易的发达,在近一个多世纪的时光中,经济繁荣的荷兰诞生了弗朗斯·哈尔斯、伦勃朗·范·莱恩、卡尔·法布里蒂乌斯、约翰内斯·维米尔等享誉世界的绘画巨匠。正在中国国家博物馆举办的《伦勃朗和他的时代:美国莱顿收藏馆藏品展》难能可贵地将多位荷兰黄金时代名家的真迹集中陈列。从弱冠之年的初出茅庐到而立之年的名利双收,展出的11幅伦勃朗罕见的精品画作呈现出一代大师早年间绘画技巧的成熟与发展。此外,展览通过代尔夫特画派代表人物法布里蒂乌斯与维米尔的真迹,活跃于小城哈勒姆的弗朗斯·哈尔斯所绘肖像画,以及伦勃朗多位弟子风格各异的作品完整地串起了荷兰绘画的黄金时代。本文将重点解析展览中的主要展品,同时概述荷兰黄金时代的起源及其兴衰。

In Western art history, the seventeenth century is known as a Dutch golden age for many Dutch artists lived in. In this period, benefiting from the brisk port trade of Amsterdam and the prosperous economy, Frans Hals, Rembrandt van Rijn, Carel Fabritius, Johannes Vermeer and many other world-renowned artistic masters were active in Holland. In the exhibition ＂Rembrandt and His Time： Masterpieces from the Leiden Collection＂ held in National Museum of China, it is rare and commendable that so many masterpieces in Dutch golden age are assembled. The eleven Rembrandt＇s outstanding paintings present the maturing and development of the master＇s painting techniques from the beginning of his career in his twenties to gaining both fame and wealth in his thirties. In addition, the Dutch golden age is fully presented in the exhibition by the works in various styles, such as the valued masterpieces of Fabritius and Vermeer of Delft School, the portraits paint by Frans Hals in Haarlem, the works of Rembrandt＇s students and so on. The current author makes a review on the origin and vicissitude of Dutch golden age on the basis of analysis on the significant exhibits.