传统故实画画题刍议

A Tentative Suggestion for Themes of Historical Facts or Anecdotes Painting

传统人物画在发展变迁的过程中渐趋分化为肖像、道释、故实、风俗等门类。其中,故实画一门传统悠远,以往圣旧闻、历史典故、古贤轶事、神仙逸话等为绘制内容,名家辈出、累世相传。综合考察故实画,其核心在于绘画是"故实"内质,而画题正是故实的传达和表现。因此,对故实画画题的研究是把握这一类绘画的关键所在。本文在对故实画相关概念的辨析基础上分析了早期带有礼教特征的故实画,以及故实画的情节性、画题拓展与构图变化,并分析了《广川画跋》中的画题实证方法。

Traditional figure paintings are gradually classified into portrait, Taoist and Buddhist subjects, historical facts or anecdotes painting, genre painting and some other types during its development. Among them, historical facts or anecdotes painting is a time-honored traditional type themed on ancient sages, past events, historical allusions, former anecdotes, immortals and so on, and many masters were skillful in it in past dynasties. On the whole, the core of this kind of painting is ＂the historical fact or anecdote＂, while the theme of the painting is not only the representation of its nature but also the pivotal issue to be proficient in this kind of painting. The current author makes an analysis on the relevant concepts of historical facts or anecdotes painting, including the early characteristics of norms of etiquette and ethical code, the plots, the development of theme and the composition as well as the textual research method in Guangchuan Painting Annotations [广川画跋].