2013～2016年枣庄市薛城区水痘流行特征及免疫效果分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and immune effect of varicella,Xuecheng district,Zaozhuang city,2013-2016

目的了解枣庄市薛城区水痘流行病学特征和免疫效果,为水痘的预防控制提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对薛城区2013~2016年水痘的流行特征进行分析。结果薛城区2013~2016年共报告水痘783例,无死亡病例,平均年发病率为38.80/10万。春、冬季高发,高峰期在11月至次年2月、4~6月。4~6月,发病196例,占总发病数的25.03%,11月至次年2月,发病260例,占总发病数的33.21%。病例中男女性别比为1.34∶1。中小学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童是主要的发病群体,分别发病为120、191和393例,分别占15.32%、24.39%、50.19%。主要集中在4~8岁,占总病例的53.90%。无水痘疫情暴发的报告。有水痘疫苗免疫史的患者与无免疫史的患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。接种1剂次之后,随着接种时间的推移,免疫效果逐渐降低。接种疫苗后3~和5~年发病人数所占构成比较大,分别为31.05%和49.77%。结论中小学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童是水痘的主要发病群体,尤其是4~8岁的儿童。接种水痘疫苗具有一定的保护效果,但是需接种第2剂次。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and immune effect of varicella in Xuecheng district,Zaozhuang city,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Xuecheng district,Zaozhuang city,2013-2016. Results A total of 783 varicclla cases were reported in Xuecheng district,Zaozhuang city,2013-2016,with no death.The average incidence of varicclla during 2013-2016 was 38.80/10-5.Most varicella cases occurred in the spring and winter especially from April to June and November to the following February.There were 196 cases from April to June,accounting for 25.30% of the total,while in November to next February,the number was 260,accounting for33.21% of the total.The incidence in males was higher than that in females.The number of male cases was more than the females and the gender ratio（boys to girls）was 1.34∶1.Most varicella cases were among students.Primary school students,kindergarten children and scattered children were the main incidence groups,the number of cases was 120,191 and 393,accounting for 15.32%,24.39%and 50.19%,mainly concentrated in the 4-8years old,accounting for 53.90% of the total.No outbreak occurred.Patients with a history of varicella vaccine immunization compared with patients without immunization history,the difference was statistically significant（P〈 0.01）.The immune effect of those with one dose of varicella vaccine gradually reduced after three years.The number of patients having been vaccinated for 3-5 or more than 5 years was relatively larger,accounting for 31.05% and 49.77%. Conclusion Primary and high school students,kindergarten children and scattered children are the main incidence groups of varicella,and especially among the 4-8 years old children.There is a certain protective effect,but it needs to be vaccinated for the second dose.