非洲国家投资环境综合评价及空间差异分析

Comprehensive Evaluation and Spatial Difference of Investment Environment in African Countries

首先,从人口与就业、经济发展、基础设施、社会发展、对外开放等方面选取42个指标,构建了非洲国家投资环境综合评价指标体系,接着采用熵权法对非洲52个国家的投资环境进行了定量评价,最后采用聚类分析法和空间自相关分析对其空间差异特征进行分析。结果显示:非洲各国的投资环境差异显著,分布很不平衡,北部地区投资环境较好,南部地区次之,西部地区、东部地区和中部地区较差。根据非洲国家投资环境评价值的大小,可以划分为四种类型:好(T>0.15)、较好(0.08<T<0.15)、较差(0.04<T<0.08)和差(T<0.04)。非洲国家投资环境呈现显著的空间正相关关系,即投资环境好的国家周围往往是投资环境好的国家,而投资环境差的国家周围往往也是投资环境差的国家,呈现出明显的同类集聚现象。

In recent years, the political, economic and social environment in Africa have had a certain degree of improvement, and the foreign investment in Africa has grown rapidly and the research on the investment environment of African countries has become an important topic. This paper firstly selects 42 indexes from population and employment,economic development, infrastructure, social development and opening to the outside world and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of the investment environment in Africa, then uses the entropy weight method for the quantitative evaluation of investment environment of 52 African countries, finally uses cluster analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to probe the spatial differences. The results show that the difference of investment environment characteristics of all the African countries is very large, and the distribution is out off balance. Investment environment in North Africa is good, South Africa is middle, West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa is bad.According to the evaluation value of the investment environment, African countries are divided into four types： good（T〉0.15）, rather good（0.08〈T〈0.15）, rather bad（0.04〈T〈0.08） and bad（T〈0.04）.Investment environment in African countries shows a positive spatial correlation, which means good investment environment countries surround good investment environment countries, and bad investment environment countries surround bad investment environment countries.