基于大数据的洛阳市旅游流时空分布特征

Big Data Based Spatiotemporal Distribution Characters of Tourism Flow in Luoyang

在大数据背景之下,基于洛阳市游客新浪微博签到数据,应用游客新浪微博签到频次、时间分层法、核密度空间分析法,分析了洛阳市旅游流年内时空分布特征,所得结论如下:(1)洛阳市旅游客流量年内变化总体上呈"双峰山岭"型分布特征,两个较为突出主峰分别对应洛阳牡丹文化节、十一黄金周,客流量在不同的时段表现出明显的相似性、对称性、反季节性等变化特征。(2)从客流量年内多重尺度时间变化上看,呈现出春季客流量>夏季客流量>秋季客流量>冬季客流量的变化趋势,月内变化曲线呈现出类似锯齿状的突峰型或凹谷型,不断起伏的高峰分别对应双休日和传统节假日,周内变化曲线呈现出明显的"翘尾"形,星期六和星期天客流量最大,日内变化曲线整体呈现"平勺"形特征。(3)洛阳市旅游流空间分布形态呈现出"小型化、斑块化、大分散、小集散"和"一核多中心"的特征,热点区倾向于向高等级旅游景区聚集、城市中心城区集聚、重要交通设施集聚。(4)洛阳市旅游流日内各时段空间分布特征大致相同,变化主要发生在主城区,根据空间相似性,可分为两个阶段,0~9时段为游客休整期,旅游者活动较少,空间分布范围较小,9~24时段为游客游览和夜生活期,游客较为活跃,活动范围较广。

This study, in the context of big data, analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characters of tourism flow in Luoyang within a year using register frequency, time-stratification method, and kernel density space analysis method on the basis of 190 773 pieces of Luoyang tourists＇ register data from Sina Micro-blog. Conclusions are shown as follows：（1） The variation of tourist volume in Luoyang within a year exhibits a Double-Peak Mountain shape in general and some clear similar, symmetrical, out-of-season characters during different periods, and the two peaks correspond to Luoyang Pony Show and National Day Golden Week respectively.（2） The change trend of Spring Summer Autumn Winter in register frequency is shown from a multi-scale time variation of tourist volume within a year, the change curve within a month presents a high peak or valley form, the continuously fluctuated high peaks respectively correspond to weekends and traditional holidays, the change curve within a week presents a distinct up-tail form with a highest tourist volume on Saturday and Sunday, and the change curve within a day shows a Flat Scoop character.（3） The spatiotemporal distribution of tourism flow in Luoyang have characters of miniaturization, fragmentation, extensive dispersion, small distribution and a core with multiple centers, and the hot spots tend to gather toward high level tourism area, central city and important traffic facility region.（4） The space distribution features of tourism flow in Luoyang within a day during each period are roughly the same and changes mainly exist in the main city zone, and it can fall into two phases according to spatial similarity： resting time is from 0 o＇clock to 9 o＇clock, tourists take few physical activities during this period,and the spatial distribution range is rather small; visiting and nightlife time is from 9 o＇clock to 24 o＇clock, tourists are more active during this time and the range of activity is wider.