平等带来的启示——评王建疆的别现代主义及中国美学的发展

Lessons in Equality:From Ignorant Schoolmaster to Chinese Aesthetics

王建疆关于中国美学与主义及其别现代的理论表达了中国哲学、人文学科包括美学要通过建立主义而达到与其不断增长的经济实力和科技实力相匹配的软实力目标。艾尔雅维茨与他的争议不仅仅是汉语与英语中对于"主义"的不同理解和不同界定,而是有着深刻的如朗西埃所说的平等与不平等、解放与未解放之间的哲学问题。通过朗西埃对贾寇托特教学法的解析发现,传统的建立在解释和阐释基础上的教与学,在根本上忽视了人的平等和解放,造就了顺从和盲目跟进的被动式接受。在平等哲学的视野中观照中国美学,中国的理论界不应该遵循朗西埃主张抛弃的教与学的老路,即甘当学生的老路,或者是解释的老路,而是坚持平等的观念,立足于本土现实提出自己的理论。我们发现,别现代主义就是朗西埃所说的构成平等的桥梁和媒介,是在中国理论与西方理论之间既接近又保持距离,或者既保持距离又可能接近,从而在完全平等的意义上使中西方理论都能得到验证。

The postponement of equality is not only a recurring topic in Jacques Ranciare＇s writings, but also the most defining feature of modern Chinese aesthetics. Particularly in the period after 1980＇s, when the country opened its doors to Western ideas, Chinese aesthetics extensively played a subordinate role in an imbalanced knowledge transfer, in which structural inequality was only reinforced. Aesthetics in China plays an important role and is expected not only to interpret literature and art, but also to help build up a harmonious society within globalized world. This is the reason why some commentators - Wang Jianjiang being one of them - point out that it is of utmost importance to eliminate the imbalance and develop proper Chinese Bie-modernism aesthetics. Since the key issue in this development is the problem of inequality, an approach developed by Jacques Ranciere, ＂the philosopher of equality＂, is proposed. Even though Rancire wrote extensively about literature, art and aesthetics, in order to confront the problem of Chinese aesthetics, it seems that a different approach, found in his repertoire, could prove to be more fruitful. In 1987, he published a book titled The Ignorant Schoolmaster, which contributed to his ongoing philosophical emancipatory project, and focused on inequality and its conditions in the realm of education. The Ignorant Schoolmaster, nonetheless, stretches far beyond the walls of classroom or even educational system, and brings to the fore political implications that cluster around the fundamental core of Ranciere＇s political philosophy~ The definition of politics as the verification of the presupposition of the equality of intelligence. Equality cannot be postponed as a goal to be only attained in the future, and therefore, has to be considered as a premise of egalitarian politics that needs to operate as a presupposition.