石化行业铂族金属废催化剂回收技术现状

Progress of Platinum Group Metals Recovery from Spent Catalystsin Petroleum and Chemical industries

我国铂钯每年消费量有240 t左右,表观消费量和市场流通量更大,主要应用于首饰、石化行业催化剂、汽车尾气净化器、热电偶、医药和军工等行业。但我国从共伴生矿中产出的铂钯金属量不到3 t,97%以上的铂族金属依赖进口和循环再生。从废催化剂中回收铂族金属是重要的途径之一,随着我国汽车报废高峰的到来,未来从失效汽车尾气净化器中回收铂族金属变得越来越重要。本文分析了石化行业废催化剂的回收技术现状,论述了全溶解、选择性载体溶解、选择性有效组分溶解和焚烧四种方法。

Platinum and palladium consumption in China is more than 240 tons annually. Apparent consumption and circulation in the market are much bigger. PGM mainly is used for jewelry, catalyst in petroleum and chemical industries, off-gas cleaning in automobile, thermocouple, medical and military. But the primary PGM from the mine in China is less than 3 tons. The rest of 97% PGM has to depend on import from other countries and recycle from spent solid. It is more and more important for PGM recycling from the spent catalyst. Additionally with the peak coming of automobile scrapped it is also very important for PGM recycling from the spent off-gas cleaning facilities. This paper summarized the technical status of spent catalyst recovery including full dissolving, carrier selective dissolving, PGM selective dissolving and roasting processes.