表演性视角下民族节日旅游“主—客”展演互动研究——以广西三江侗族多耶节为例

A STUDY TO THE INTERACTIONS OF THE HOST AND THE GUESTS IN PERFORMANCE OF MINORITY FESTIVAL TOURISM:TAKING THE “DUOYE” FESTIVAL OF SANJIANG COUNTY, GUANGXI AS AN EXAMPLE

民族节日作为重要的旅游吸引物,在民族地区旅游中发挥重要作用。在节日旅游中,东道主往往用表演的形式将本民族的文化进行呈现。而游客在凝视表演文化的过程中,也通过参与表演来获得身体化的表演体验。文章以广西三江侗族多耶节为研究案例,以节日活动中的表演行为为切入点,以节日空间中东道主和游客为研究对象,探讨在民族节日旅游展演的背景下,东道主和游客的表演性是如何在"客-我"的互动中进行建构的。研究发现,在民族节日旅游中,东道主作为节日旅游的"主人",为了更好地展示本民族的文化,发挥其旅游经济及社会功能,往往通过编排或排练使民族文化富于表演性,从而使其更好地在旅游舞台上进行呈现,发挥交流媒介的功能;另一方面,游客作为节日旅游场域中的"客人",其在通过视觉的凝视对东道主所表演的文化进行消费的过程中,已不单纯地满足于视觉感官的体验,更多的在于追求身体的多感官体验,进行旅游的身体化实践和表演性参与。

As an important tourist attraction, national festivals play an important role in tourism. In the holiday tourism, the hosts often represent their culture in the form of performance. The tourists also participate in the performance to experience physically in the course of appreciating cultural performance. Taking the ＂ Doyle＂ festival of the Dong in Sanjiang county, Guangxi as a case of research, this paper approaches how the interaction between the host and the guest is constructed in the context of development of ethnic tourism. It is found that the host as a ＂ master＂ of festival tourism usually rehearse their own cultures in order to bring with better stage performance and to better communicate with the guests. On the other hand, as the ＂ guests＂ in the field of holiday travelling, tourists are not only satisfied with the visual sensory experience in the process of consumption cultural performance of the ＂ hosts＂ , they are pursuing more sensory experience of the body and the participation in the performance.