亚洲百合与大花卷丹杂种F1重要性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Important Characters in F_1 Hybrids of Lilium Asiatic Hybrids and L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii

为了探讨百合杂交后代重要性状的遗传变异规律,以亚洲百合品种Nello、Benfica和野生种大花卷丹杂交获得的210株F_1群体为研究对象,对亲本和F_1植株株高、叶部性状和花部性状等共13个表型性状进行统计分析。结果表明,杂种F_1的株高、叶长和内、外花被片长表现出减小趋势;杂种F_1平均花朵数量、花朵直径、叶宽、叶片数和内、外花被片宽分别占中亲值的116.2%,118.6%,115.2%,106.4%,113.9%,122.3%,表现出一定的杂交优势,但2个杂交组合杂种优势不同;株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数量和花朵数量变异系数较大,均达15%以上,具有丰富的变异性。杂交F_1花色分布比较集中,多呈现不同深浅的橙色,也有少量黄色个体;2个杂交后代群体在斑点性状上发生了分离,斑点分离比(无斑∶有斑)分别为47∶78和24∶61,且有斑个体之间斑点数量不同;F_1花型多为碗型,表现出偏母性遗传的特点;各性状之间具有极显著的相关性。Nello、Benfica和大花卷丹杂交F_1表型性状发生广泛分离,并且出现大量超亲和低亲个体,有利于选择大花、多花、矮生的优良单株。

In order to investigate the genetic variation of important characters of lily hybrids,a total of 210 F1 generation populations were obtained from the crosses between Lilium Asiatic hybrids（ Nello,Benfica） and L. leichtlinii var.maximowiczii. Thirteen phenotypic traits of the parents and F1 hybrids,including plant height,leaf traits and floral characters and so on,were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that the plant height,leaf length,inner and outer tepal length showed a trend of decrease. The mean number of flowers,flower diameter,leaf width,number of leaves,inner and outer tepal width were 116. 2%,118. 6%,115. 2%,106. 4%,113. 9% and 122. 3% of their parents,respectively,showing certain heterosis,but the heterosis was different between the two cross combinations. The coefficient of variation of plant height,leaf length,leaf width,number of leaves and flowers reached above 15%,indicating they had plentiful phenotypic variation. Flower color in F1 hybrids was obviously centralized,presenting different degrees of orange with several yellow individuals. Spots were separated in hybrids of Nello L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii and Benfica L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii by ratio of 47∶ 78 and 24 ∶ 61,respectively,and the number of spots were different among spotted plants. Most flower form of F1 hybrids were bowl shape,exhibiting matroclinous inheritance. There was significant correlation among the quantitative characters. The morphological characters were widely separated in F1 hybrids of Nello L. leichtlinii var.maximowiczii and Benfica L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii,and there were large super-parent and low-parent F1 hybrids,which might be favorable to the selection of superior individuals with larger diameter,more flowers and dwarf type.