不同叶龄移栽对烤烟光合生产及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Transplanting with Different Leaf Ages on Photosynthetic Production,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探究烟苗不同叶龄移栽对烤烟光合物质生产能力和产量及品质的影响,在云南罗平烟叶产区,以当地主栽品种K236为试验材料,通过设置不同叶龄烟苗统一移栽,测定移栽后大田各生育时期的光合物质生产及烤后烟叶产质量性状。结果表明:随着移栽叶龄的增加,烟苗成活率有先升高又降低的趋势,而大田生育期有增加的趋势;随着烤烟田间生育进程的推进,各处理在生育期LAD表现为先下降又升高,而各处理生育期总LAD最高的是5叶移栽烟苗,比6,8叶移栽分别高出20.14%,14.82%。群体平均叶倾角(MLIA)随着移栽叶龄的增加,有先升高再下降的趋势,而消光系数(K)则呈增加的趋势;5叶烟苗移栽的烤后烟叶各化学成分含量适宜,品质最好,其次为4叶;6,7,8叶,因其还原糖、淀粉、钾含量不符合优质烟叶对化学指标的要求,品质较差;随着移栽叶龄的增加,经济性状是呈先升高后降低的趋势。因此,对于云南罗平烟叶产区的最佳烟苗移栽叶龄为五叶期,其在可以维持较好产质量值的前提下,提高上等烟和中上等烟的比例,改善烟叶等级结构;同时,可以缩短育苗期,减少剪叶和病虫害防治次数,达到降工节本的目的。

To explore the effect of different leaf age on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,the main cultivars K236 in Luoping tobacco-growing area of Yunnan were used as test materials to construct different fluecured tobacco varieties with different leaf age. Photosynthetic potential in growth period and economic characters of post-baked tobacco leaf were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of transplanting age,the survival rate of tobacco seedlings increased first and then decreased,while the field growth period increased; With the advance of fertility in the field of flue-cured tobacco,the photosynthetic potential（ LAD） of the treatments decreased first and then increased,and the total LAD of the treatments was the highest in 5 leaves transplanted tobacco seedlings,which was 20. 14% higher than that of 6 and 8 leaves respectively,14. 82%. The mean leaf angle（ MLIA） of the population increased first and then decreased with the increase of leaf age,while the extinction coefficient（ K） was an increasing trend. The leaf tobacco leaves with 5 leaves were transplanted with appropriate chemical components and the quality was the best,followed by 4 leaves; 6,7,8 leaves,because of its reducing sugar,starch,potassium content does not meetthe requirements of high-quality tobacco chemical indicators,poor quality; With the increase of transplanting age,economic traits showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Therefore,the optimum tobacco leaf transplanting age of tobacco leaves in Luoping tobacco-producing areas in Yunnan is 5-leaf-stage,which can shorten the period of nursery and shorten the time of cutting and reduce the time when the high yield value can be maintained. Such as smoke and the proportion of medium and high smoke,improve the grade structure and site structure.