土壤熏蒸剂研究进展

Research advances in soil fumigants

土壤熏蒸剂可有效防治土传病虫害,但效果最好的熏蒸剂溴甲烷由于破坏臭氧层,已被禁止用在农业上(必要用途豁免除外)。碘甲烷、氯化苦、异硫氰酸甲酯、1,3-二氯丙烯、二甲基二硫、硫酰氟、棉隆及威百亩是国际上已经登记使用的土壤熏蒸剂;甲酸乙酯、乙二腈、糠醛、丙烯醛是有希望开发为新的土壤熏蒸剂品种。国内已经商品化的土壤熏蒸剂品种有4种,分别为氯化苦、威百亩、棉隆和硫酰氟,二甲基二硫正在登记当中。本文系统综述了上述熏蒸剂在应用、环境行为等方面的研究进展,在未来一段时间内,氯化苦、棉隆及威百亩将会占据着国内土壤熏蒸剂的主要市场。二甲基二硫的登记也将会改善国内熏蒸剂品种匮乏的局面。

Soil fumigants are effective in controlling soil-borne pests. Methyl bromide with the highest bioactivity to soil-borne diseases has been phased out in agriculture （except Critical Use Nomination） due to its ozone-depleting potential. Methyl iodide, chloropicrin, methyl isothiocyanate, 1,3-dichloro- propene, dimethyl disulfide, sulfuryl fluoride, dazomet and metham sodium has been registered as soil fumigants internationally. Ethyl formate, ethanedinitrile, furfural or 2-propenal has the potential as new soil fumigants. There are four types of commercial soil fumigants in China, which are chloropicrin, dazomet, metham sodium and sulfuryl fluoride, and dimethyl disulfide is in the registration process. In this article, the bioactivity, application method and environmental behavior were reviewed. Chloropicrin, dazomet and metham sodium will occupy the main market in China for some time in the future. The registration of dimethyl disulfide will improve the situation of lack of soil fumigation products in China.