公民话语与阶级话语的张力——1953年普选运动中的选民资格审查

Tensions between Citizen Discourse and Class Discourse:Voter Qualification Examination in the Universal Suffrage Campaign of 1953

在中国共产党从局部执政到全面执政的历史上,普选一直是其政治愿景及自主的制度安排。如果说西方普选运动的展开表现为"需求侧普选",那么中国则表现为"供给侧普选"。1953年中国迎来了第一次全国性的普选,作为供给侧普选,选民的资格审查有何特殊的标准和操作流程?审查的结果与顶层的预期是否一致?少数被剥夺选民资格者的极力抗争是什么动机?此次普选有何启示?目前学界相关的研究尚不充分。本文着重探讨此次普选运动期间在选民资格审查过程中公民话语与阶级话语之间的张力。

In the history of the Communist Party of China rising from local ruling to state ruling,universal suffrage had been its political vision and CPC-controlled institutional arrangements.If Western universal suffrage could be interpreted as"demand-side universal suffrage",then China’s universal suffrage is"supply-side universal suffrage."In 1953,China ushered in the first national universal suffrage.As supply-side universal suffrage,what were the specific criteria and procedures for the voter qualification examination?Were the results of the examination congruent with the expectation of the top-level leadership?What motivated the desperate resistance of the few deprived voters?What conclusions can we draw from this universal suffrage?At present,related academic research is insufficient.This paper focuses on the tension between citizen discourse and class discourse in the process of voter qualification examination during the universal suffrage campaign.