中国制造业发展:成就、困境、趋势和现实选择

The Development of China's Manufacturing Industry:Achievement,Dilemma,Trend and Realistic Choice

制造业是推动技术进步和制度创新的主要源头,是一个国家创造比较优势和增强国际竞争力的重要载体,是一个国家屹立于世界民族之林的"钢筋铁骨"。建国以后,特别是改革开放以来,中国制造业发展取得了世人瞩目的成就,中国已成为世界制造大国。但制造业的发展也面临着诸多现实困境,如"大而不强"、产品结构不合理、产能严重过剩,以及资源环境瓶颈约束增强等问题。突破发展困境,就要认清制造业未来的发展趋势,坚持创新驱动、绿色发展、推进制造业服务化和发展高端制造业等发展的主要方向,而加大对生产性服务的中间投入则是推动制造业转型升级的现实选择。

Manufacturing industry is the main drive to promote technological progress and institutional innovation and an important carrier of a country to create comparative advantages and enhance international competitiveness.It is an ＂immense adder of steel＂that helps a country stand in the world. After the founding of the PRC,especially since the reform and opening up,China＇s manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements. China has become a great manufacturing nation. However,the manufacturing industry is faced with many practical dilemmas,such as ＂big but weak＂,irrational product structure,serious excess capacity,resource-environment bottlenecks and so forth. In order to break through the development dilemma,it is important to recognize the future development trend of manufacturing industry. Therefore,it is crucial to focus on the innovation drive,green development,promotion of manufacturing service and the development of high-end manufacturing. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,to increase the intermediate inputs in productive services is the realistic choice.