含细长颗粒的洗涤冷却室内的多相分布特性

Slender particle-containing multi-phase distribution characteristics in scrubbing-cooling chamber

采用改进的直接取样法,在按几何尺寸缩小的工业气化炉洗涤冷却室冷模装置内,同时测量不同操作条件下的轴径向局部固含率和气含率,对细长颗粒在洗涤冷却室内的多相分布特性进行研究。结果表明:以下降管出口截面为界,洗涤冷却室可分为上部气液固混合区和下部固液流动区,其中上部区域由下降管出口区、破泡板作用区和气垫层区组成,下部区域由气相湍动作用区、回流区和二次流动区组成;在颗粒阻碍效应减速沉降和团聚效应加速沉降的共同作用下,轴向固含率呈现波动分布;环隙气速、固相体积分数和长径比的增加均会增强床层的湍动,促进气体的径向扩散;操作条件的改变使颗粒的漂移速度发生改变,径向固含率分布出现波动;在气相扰动和回流作用下,二次流动区呈现环状流动,流体和颗粒的"壁面效应"使该区域的固含率呈现中心高边壁低的特点。

In order to study multi-phase distribution characteristics of slender particles in scrubbing-cooling chamber, an improved direct sampling method was used to simultaneously measure locally axial and radial distribution of solid concentration and gas holdup in a cold model apparatus at various operating conditions. The cold model apparatus was scaled down according to geometric dimensions of scrubbing-cooling chamber of industrial gasification system. The results showed that scrubbing-cooling chamber could be divided into two zones of the upper gas-liquid-solid mixing zone and the lower solid-liquid flowing zone with boundary at cross-section of the downcomer outlet. The gas-liquid-solid mixing zone was consisted of downcomer outlet, bubble-break plate and gas cap regions, while the solid-liquid flow zone was consisted of gas phase turbulence, recirculation, and secondary flow regions. Due to compounded effects of particle hindrance（slowed down sedimentation） and agglomeration（accelerated sedimentation）, the axial distribution of solid concentration exhibited wavy fluctuations. The increase of annular gas velocity, solid volume concentration and aspect ratio of length over diameter enhanced bed turbulence and promoted radial gas dissipation. Change of operating conditions altered particle drifting velocity and resulted in fluctuation of radial solid concentration distribution. Under the effects of gas turbulence and recirculation, the secondary flow region showed circular flow where the ＂wall effect＂ of fluids and particles forced solid concentration higher at center but lower near wall.