批判视角下黄岩岛地名演变与权力关系分析

ANALYSIS ON THE NAME EVOLUTION AND POWER RELATION OF HUANGYAN ISLAND IN THE CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE

国内外地名研究的批判主义转向,注重地方命名时地方意义的生产、再生产以及争夺。文章以黄岩岛地名的演变为例,研究其地名变迁背后的政治博弈。研究表明:(1)黄岩岛的地名演变是中、西方话语体系下国际行为主体政治角力的过程。(2)中国的黄岩岛地名演变彰显的是中国对其无可争辩的主权;西方殖民者的黄岩岛地名演变展示近代以来对南海及其周边地区的殖民统治;菲律宾当局对黄岩岛的更名,谋求建构国家认同、侵占更多海洋岛礁资源。(3)地名是集体记忆解构与重构的纽带和国家权力博弈的指示物。中国对内应增强国家认同感和民族凝聚力,唤起中华民族的集体记忆,对外提升国际话语权,通过国际舞台阐释对南海主权维护的法理依据和坚强决心。

The study of place naming, or toponymy, has recently undergone a critical reformulation as scholars have moved beyond the traditional focus on etymology and taxonomy by examining the politics of placenaming practices. This so-called ＇critical turn＇ in toponymic scholarship has produced an exciting new body of research, which situates the study of toponymy within the context of broader debates in critical human geography. Under the background above, This paper summarized the achievements and the deficiencies of Western and Chinese geographers in the fields oftoponymy in the past few decades, and focused on the political gaming under the toponym evolution by taking the toponym evolution of the Huangyan Island as an example. This research finds out that： 1） the toponym evolution of the Huangyan Island reflects the process of international actors＇ political wrangling under China and the West＇s discourse system. 2） Huangyan Island＇s toponym evolution of China shows that, China has an indisputable sovereignty over Huangyan Island, numerous documents on the Chinese history have put down definitely in writing that the Huangyan Island belongs to China＇s territory. And the toponym evolution of current Philippines＇ government shows its aim of enhancing national identity and occupying more resources of ocean, island, and reefs. So sovereignty claims over Huangyan Island and Nansha Islands by any other country are illegal and invalid. 3） The toponym is not only the linkage between deconstruction and reconstruction of collective memory but also the indicator of gaming among different countries. So it pointed out that the adoption of the place names of the South China Sea Islands habitually used by local fishermen is of significance to toponymy and defending state sovereignty.