夜间血液透析护士对职业风险感知度的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of perceived occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis

目的调查夜间血液透析(NHD)护士职业风险的感知度,分析其影响因素,探讨应对方法。方法采用《护理职业风险评估问卷》调查25名NHD护士和25名常规血液透析(CHD)护士的职业风险,然后使用Likert Scale5级评分法对问卷进行赋值评估,获得职业风险指数,并分析其相关危险因素。结果 NHD护士在事故性危害,化学性危害,以及人体工效学、心理社会、组织因素危害3个维度的得分高于CHD护士(P<0.05)。其中工作时间不规律、人际关系不协调、频繁倒班、加班、夜班引起的危害以及人力资源不足、超负荷工作引起的危害平均风险指数在各子项目中排名前2位,属于不可容许风险。结论 NHD护士职业风险高于CHD护士,其形成因素具有特异性,应积极采取多种举措以预防和降低护理职业风险。

Objective To investigate the occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis（NHD）,and to analyze the relevant factors and coping approach to occupational risk.Methods The occupational risk of 25 nurses at conventional hemodialysis（CHD）and 25 nurses at NHD were investigated using Nursing Occupational Risk Assessment Questionnaire.The Likert Scale 5-grade method was used to score the questionnaire,to obtain occupational risk index,and to analyze the relevant risk factors.Results The scores in 3dimensions,including accidental risk,chemical risk,and ergonomical,psychosocial and organizational risk,in the NHD nurse group were significantly higher than those in the CHD nurse group（P〈0.05）.The average risk index scores of the harzard of irregular working hours,interpersonal relation disturbance,frequent shift work,overtime,and night shift,and the hazard of understaffing and overworking were in the top 2of each sub events,and they belonged to the risks which were order not allowed.Conclusion The average risk index of the nurses at NHD is higher than at CHD,and the formative factors are specific.Hospital managers should take active measures to prevent and reduce the occupational risk.