绿色化与我国民法典编纂

Greenization and Codification of Civil Law

绿色化离不开法律的保障,我国《民法总则》规定了节约资源、保护生态环境原则,是绿色化理念的法律化。编纂民法典分编应进一步贯彻这一原则。民事主体应享有保护环境、利用环境、享有良好环境、请求停止环境侵害和赔偿损失的环境权。必须摈弃个人主义所有权理论,构建绿色物权,规定物权人在维护环境公共利益之下对特定的物享有支配和排他的权利。环境责任不仅包括污染后救济,也包括停止侵害的预防责任。现行《侵权责任法》章名"环境污染责任"应改称"环境民事责任"。依环境权法理,民法典应明确规定污染者负担原则和环境修复责任,规定公民提起公益环境诉讼的权利以及共同环境污染者的连带责任。

Greenization cannot be guaranteed without the protection of the law. General Rules of the Civil Law of the People＇ s Republic of China provides for the principle of saving resources and pro- tecting the ecological environment, which is the legalization of the concept of greenization. This princi- ple should be further implemented in codifying other parts of the Civil Law. Civil subjects should enjoy the right to environment, which includes protecting the environment, utilizing the environment, having a good environment and requesting to cease damaging the environment and to compensate for damag- es. The ownership theory based on individualism must be abandoned. It is necessary to establish the green property right, which is the right to dominate certain properties and exclude all others on the premise of maintaining environmental public interest. Environmental liabilities include not only reme- dies after the damage but also prevention liability for ceasing damaging. The current Tort Liability Law＇ s chapter name ＂Environment Pollution Liability＂ should be renamed ＂Environment Civil Liabili- ty＂. According to the legal basis of the right to environment, the Civil Code should provide for polluter pays principle, environment restoration liability, the right of citizens to initiate environment litigation for public interest, joint liability of joint polluters.