《民法总则》背景下商事表见代理的制度回应

The Response of the Commercial Apparent Agency in the Background of General Rules of Civil Law

我国《合同法》第49条确立的表见代理规则滞后于司法实践的发展。《民法总则》仍秉持一元模式的表见代理制度,无法满足民、商代理不同的价值诉求。较之民事代理,商事代理的代理权外观所具有的推定功能更为显著。权利外观的推定功能直接影响到"相对人善意"的证明责任分配问题,并且基于外观主义、交易成本等方面的考量,商事表见代理应采"风险归责"的归责方式将法律之不利归于本人。据此,我国应构建二元模式的表见代理制度分别调整民、商事表见代理。

The rules of the apparent agency which is established in Article 49 of China＇s ‘ Contract Law＇ lag behind the development of judicial practice. The General Rules of Civil Law still uphold the monistic mode of the apparent agency system, which can not meet different value needs of civil agents and commercial agents. The function of presumption of the appearance of the rights of the commercial agent is more remarkable compared to the civil agent. The function of presumption of the appearance of the rights directly affects the distribution of the burden of proof of the party＇ s goodwill. Meanwhile, the commercial apparent agency should adop the rule of risk imputation and attributed the negative re- sult of the law to principal based on the consideration of rechtsschein theorie and transaction cost. Chi- na should adopt a binary model of the agency system to adjust respectively the civil apparent agency and commercial apparent agency.