《庄子》寓言正义

Correcting the Meaning of Zhuangzi Yuyan

学界一般认为《庄子》寓言系凭空捏造,全然无足信据,这是对《庄子》文本的一种误解。这种误解产生的根源有三:一是中西文化对接时"寓言"一词的翻译误差;二是对《史记》相关记载的误读;三是《庄子》文学研究视角的局限。就《庄子》本身而言,"藉外论之"的寓言是借用他者之言申明己意,其中并没有必然作伪的含义,而且寓言与引述"耆艾"之言的重言往往重合在一起具有求真、示真的指向。所以《庄子》一书除了属于"卮言"的虚构人物和悬拟故事之外,还记载了先秦时期很多真实人物的可靠言论,其对于庄子生平和思想研究,对于老子思想溯源以及孔子思想复杂性研究,都具有无可替代的历史文献价值。

There is no historical documentation value in Zhuangzi Yuya, and it is a misunderstand about Zhuangzi text. This misunderstand comes from three sources： first is translation error when Chi- nese and Western culture butt joint; second is a misreading of Shiji text; third is the limitation of Zhuangzi Yuya literary researches. As far as Zhuangzi text is concerned, there is no faking or inevitable faking in Yuyan that means to express one＇ s opinion by citing other＇ s sentences, especially Yuyan points to truth along with Zhongyan that means citing the sentences of old persons with noble charac- ters and high prestige. So, except Zhiyan that means imaginary figures and stories, there is a lot of reli- able speech of many real persons of pre-Qin period in Zhuangzi. Those speech has irreplaceable histori- cal documentation value for the study of Zhuangzi lifetime and thoughts, for the study of tracing Laozi thoughts to the source, and for the study of Confucianism complexity.