基于虚拟电厂“热电解耦”的负荷优化调度及经济效益分析

Optimal Dispatch of Heat-Power Load and Economy Benefit Analysis Based on Decoupling of Heat and Power of Virtual Power Plant

我国北方冬季供暖期,大量热电联产机组工作在"以热定电"运行模式下,造成了系统调峰能力不足,弃风形势严峻。能有效减少弃风的风电供热由于经济效益问题和调度平台尚未完善,难以大规模推广应用。针对上述问题,该文将一定供热区域内的热电厂、风电场、光伏电站组成虚拟电厂,形成利益整体,并加入风电供热设备实现热电联产机组的"热电解耦"。首先描述了虚拟电厂的组成结构和运行方式,其次建立了虚拟电厂热电负荷优化调度模型,对比了不同的虚拟电厂运行策略,并采用自适应免疫遗传算法进行求解,实现了虚拟电厂内部热电负荷优化调度。通过算例分析,验证所建立模型的合理性与有效性;表明在虚拟电厂中加入风电供热设备的运行策略可以有效地减少出力偏差与环保代价,提高经济效益;风电供热容量在一定范围内越高或风光预测精度越高,虚拟电厂经济效益越好,同时体现了虚拟电厂作为一个利益整体的经济性优势。

Many combined heat and power （CHP） units operates at the ＂ordering power by heat＂ mode during winter heating period in northern China, which causes the insufficient of power system peak-load regulation capacity and grievous wind curtailment. Supplying heat by wind power, which can effectively reduce wind curtailment, is difficult to apply in large-scale due to the problem of economic benefits and the incomplete dispatching platform. Focusing on the above problems, this paper formed CHP plant, wind farm and photovoltaic station in a certain heating region into virtual power plant （VPP） as an interest whole. The wind power heating equipment was introduced into VPP to realize the decoupling of heat and power of CHP units. The composition, structure and operating mode of VPP was described, the VPP heat-power load optimal dispatching model was constructed and the different VPP operating strategies was designed. By using adaptive immunity genetic algorithm to solve the model, the heat-power load optima/ dispatching was realized inside VPP. The simulation results show that the VPP model is reasonable and effective. The results also indicate that the operating strategy with wind power heating can effectively reduce the VPP deviation and environmental costs and increase the VPP benefit. The higher wind heating capacity in a certain range or wind photovoltaic predict accuracy will cause better VPP earnings. The advantages of VPP as an interest whole is also incarnated by the comparative study.