高分子负载贵金属类催化剂及其在有机反应中的最新应用

Polymer Supported Precious Metal Catalysts and Its Latest Applications in Organic Reactions

高分子负载金属催化剂与传统的均相催化剂相比,具有较高的催化活性、立体选择性、较好的稳定性和重复使用性能,并且后处理简单,在反应完成后可方便地借助固-液分离方法将高分子催化剂与反应体系中其他组分分离、再生和重复使用,可降低成本和减少环境污染。本文综述了近五年来高分子负载贵金属类催化剂在有机反应中的最新应用,根据金属不同将其分为钌、钯、银、金四大类,并分类介绍了其在不同固相反应中的应用。本文介绍的负载贵金属类催化剂中的负载物均为不溶性聚合物,但不包括二氧化硅、可溶性聚合物和树枝状大分子等。

Polymer-supported metallic catalysts have lots of advantages such as higher catalytic activity, stereoselectivity, better stability, reusability and easier to handle, compared with homogeneous catalysts. After the completion of the reaction, the catalyst could separate from the reaction mixture and the catalyst could be recovered and reused by simple filtration for the next run. The cost and pollution could be reduced efficiently to some extent. The application of polymer supported precious metallic reagents in organic synthesis in recent five years are reviewed, the review has been divided into Ruthenium, Palladium, Silver and Gold according to the metal used and further sub-divided according to their application in organic reactions. This report is limited to the use of non soluble polymeric supports, organometallics attached to silica, soluble polymers and dendrimers are excluded, although many interesting new supported catalysts have appeared using such materials also. Palladium-containing catalysts are introduced particularly because of their extensive use, we also ignored the Rhodium-containing catalysts due to the insufficient of literature.