“宋朝近世论”与中国历史的逻辑把握

“Modern Theory of Song Dynasty” and the Logic Grasp of Chinese History

宫崎市定"宋朝近世论"是理解中国历史发展的重要理论,部分学者以其为基础探讨宋代的问题。与此同时,思想史学者批判这一理论是欧洲近代化言说的亚洲版。那么,该理论与欧洲近代之间究竟有何关联?本文从宫崎的时代区分论入手,探讨其理论框架的特点以及"宋朝近世论"提出的意义为何。迄今为止的历史理论,都是预设一个"他者",然后将其相对化,借此强调自身言说的正当性,但这种思路正是欧洲中心观的反映。宫崎的中国史论基于世界史的立场,重视各个历史时期中国与其他地域的文化交流,而诞生于宋代的中国近世文化就是这种文化交流的结晶。在这里没有相对化的"他者",有的是覆盖地域间文化距离的文化传播和相互影响。在这种重视地域平等和交流的史观之下,中国历史的逻辑把握也就有了新的可能。

Miyazaki Ichisada＇s ＂Modern theory of song dynasty＂ is a very important theory to understand the process of Chinese history, at present, the academia usually discuss Song dynasty based on this theory. Miyazaki＇s historical theory of China is based on the position of world history, it regards China＇s communication with other countries in every periods, and the Chinese modern culture which is born in Song dynasty become the product of this communication. We don＇t have a relativized ＂the other one＂ here, just the cultural diffusion and the interact which covered cultural distance between places. Under the historical view which regard the equality and communication between places, the logic grasp of Chinese history may have new possibilities.