由承接国际产业转移向自主创新发展的突围——着眼于深圳、浦东对雄安新区建设启示的历史考察

From the Acceptance of International Industries to the Independent Development and Innovation: Focus on the Historical Experience of Shenzhen and Pudong Which Will Be Useful during the Course of the Construction of Xiong'an New District

产业由低端向中高端迈进,是中国提升在国际上的产业竞争力、在价值链上能够充分分享发展成果、跨越"中等收入陷阱"的必然选择,是现代化的基础和重要标志之一。深圳、浦东在先行先试进程中,由国内短缺经济时期承接国际产业转移,到国内买方市场形成、经济全球化快速推进而竞争激烈,再向自主创新发展的转型,实际上是对跨国资本及与之融合的高科技垄断的突围。这一历史进程积累的经验有,新区建设不能止步于政策优惠对企业和产业的聚集,而是应致力于在市场竞争下增强自主创新发展能力;在坚持社会主义基本制度下引入外资,促进公有制经济与多种所有制经济共同创新发展;尊重产业发展规律,既要有全球视野的向产业高端迈进的创新发展布局,还要着眼于区内外产业的协调发展;既要形成通过经济社会协调发展聚集人才,还要形成能够保障公平竞争的社会环境。这些可供正在进行的雄安新区建设和供给侧结构性改革借鉴。

The industry is moving from the low-end to the high-end, which is the inevitable choice of China to enhance its industrial competitiveness in the international community and fully share the development results and cross the ＂middle income trap＂. It is the foundation and important symbol of modernization. In the course of development, Shenzhen and Pudong, as pilot areas for economic reform, have experienced the transformation from the acceptance of international industries during the period of domestic economic shortage to the independent development and innovation under the pressure of rapid economic globalization and intense competition which is accompanied by the formation of the domestic buyer market. This, in fact, is the breakout for integration of high-tech monopoly. This historical process has accumulated several experiences： the construction of new areas cannot stop at enterprises policy concessions and industry gathering, but should be committed to competition in the market to enhance independent innovation and development capacity; it＇s important to absorb foreign investment under the condition of adhering the basic socialist system, so that public ownership economy and variety ownership economy can innovate and develop together; respect for the law of industrial development, it is necessary to have a global perspective to the industry＇s high-end innovation and development of the layout, but also focus on the coordinated development of the industry inside and outside; both to form a coordinated development through economic and social talent, and also to form a social environment to ensure fair competition. These experiences can be used as references for the construction of the Xiong＇an new district and the structural reform of supply side.