汉语句子的韵律结构

Temporal structures of spoken Chinese sentences

为进一步深入研究汉语韵律特征在时间维上的表现,特别录制了一个语音资料库。发音人共10名（5男5女）,试验材料包括3个不同语法结构和逻辑结构的句子。发音人以3种不同的语速自然朗读,相隔几周之后重复发音,总共3次。采用语音分析专用软件SFS（Speech File System）进行时间-频率分析,试验结果表明:（1）语速变化时,句子重音和句调保持不变,（2）语速加快时,尾部成分的相对时长加大,（3）语速加快时音节调型可发生很大变化,（4）停顿不但可用于表现句法结构,而是在语速变化时起着时长上的调节作用,（5）在语速变化时,语音中有些音段（多数元音）是弹性较大的,容易被压缩或伸展,有些音段是比较稳定的,不是被压缩或伸展。

The tempo and prosodic pattern in Chinese were investigated further. A special speech database, which was composed of three compound sentences and ten speakers (5 males and 5 females), was created. Three test sentences have different grammatical structures. The results show that: 1. The sentence prominence and the sentence intonation are invariant prosodic features; 2. The tonal pattern can be influenced by tone coarticulation and speech mood; 3. The effect of last constituent lengthening in relative duration in fast speech is not a kind of syntactic or semantic signal; 4. The pause signals a boundary of phrase and sentence and it will be compressed in fast speech.