松嫩高平原县域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析——以巴彦县为例

Spatial Pattern of Land Use Along the Terrain Gradient of County in Songnen High Plain: A Case Study of Bayan County

以黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,基于研究区DEM数据,运用土地利用类型的分布指数、土地利用结构的信息熵、均衡度和优势度,明确研究区土地利用空间格局的地形梯度特征及地形因子对土地利用空间格局的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用空间格局在地形因子的作用下存在明显的梯度特征,旱地、水田、草地、水域、建设用地及其他用地主要分布在较低地形级别区,林地主要分布在较高地形级别区。(2)除林地以外,其他土地利用类型分布的优势地形位均位于较低地形级别区,林地分布的优势地形位位于较高地形级别区,各土地利用类型分布的优势区域不尽相同。(3)研究区土地利用结构的信息熵及均衡度变化趋势相同,优势度的变化趋势与信息熵、均衡度的变化趋势相反,土地利用空间格局与地形因子具有显著的相关性。

The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors and provide new ideas for regional land use planning. The study area of this study is Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province, in Northeast China. Three kind of topographic factors are extracted, which are elevation, slope and aspect, based on the DEM data of research area by the utilizing of GIS. The distribution characteristics of different kind of land use type among different topographic factors are identified after the classification of the three topographic factors which were extracted. Based on that, distribution index of land use type among different topographic factors are calculated, including the information entropy, equilibrium degree, dominance degree of land use structure and the correlation coefficient between different land use style and topographic factors. So that, the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors could be identified. The results show that： 1） The spatial distribution of land use in research area shows gradient feature due to the impact of topographic factors. There are more dry land, paddy field, grassland, water area, construction land and other land in the region of low level of terrain, but more forest land in the region of high level of terrain. 2） Except forest land, the dominant landforms of other land use types are located at lower levels, and the predominant terrain of forest land distributed in the area of high level of topographic factors. The dominance regions of different land use types are different. The dominant region of dry land is the central and northwest region of the study area, the dominant region of paddy field is the southern edge of the study area, the dominant area of forest land is the northeast and southeast of the study area, the dominant region of construction land is the south of the study area, the dominant area of grassland is the northwest and the southern edge of the study area, the dominant region of water area is the southern edge of the study area and the dominant area of other land is in the south of the study area. 3） The degree of order, equilibrium and dominance of land use structure in the study area have a certain gradient under the function of topographic factors.The information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure show the same changing trend, the values of information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure are larger in the area of low level of elevation and slope. The trend of dominance is opposite to the information entropy and equilibrium, the dominance value of single land use type is higher in the area of high level of elevation and slope. Thus, the distribution of land use types are significantly correlated with topographic factors.