节水灌溉对茶叶生理生化特性影响的研究进展

Advances in effect of water-saving irrigation on physiological and biochemical characteristics of tea

水资源短缺和季节性干旱频繁发生在一定程度上影响茶树的正常生长发育,已成为制约中国茶叶发展的关键因素之一,节水灌溉作为缓解水资源危机的重要手段,在提高作物产量、改善产品品质、减少灌水量等方面具有显著优势.分别从茶叶需水规律,节水灌溉对茶叶生长、产量、品质的影响等方面进行研究,结果表明茶叶叶片水势、叶片生物量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、茶多酚和游离氨基酸、咖啡因含量等茶叶的生长生理指标会因节水灌溉技术、灌水量、灌水间隔的不同而发生显著变化.在归纳上述研究的基础上,提出下一步的研究应以节水灌溉技术和茶叶为主要研究对象,从茶园节水灌溉分区、不同节水灌溉制度下茶叶耗水规律及生长品质差异、节水灌溉对茶园小气候因子及土壤因子的影响机理出发,建立基于茶叶不同生育阶段生长、品质动态响应模型,提出高产、优质、高效的茶园节水灌溉制度.

The shortage of water resources and seasonal drought frequently affect the normal growth and development of tea plants, which has become the key factor restricting the development of tea in China. Water-saving irrigation is an important mean to relieve the crisis of water resources, which has a significant advantage in improving crop yield and product quality and reducing irrigation volume. Based on research work of scholars for many years, the effects of water-saving agriculture on growth, yield and quality of tea are reviewed and summarized. It is found that the growth and physiological indexes of tea, such as leaf water potential, leaf biomass, net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, transpiration rate, tea polyphenols and free amino acids, caffeine content, would be changed significantly due to the difference of water-saving irrigation technology, irrigation amount and irrigation interval. Through the review of past research in this field, the innovation of water-saving irrigation mechanism in tea plantation is put forward, based on the area division of water-saving irrigation in tea plantation, water consumption and growth quality of tea under different water-saving irrigation, effects of water-saving irrigation on microclimate factors and soil factors in tea plantation, and dynamic response model of growth and quality of tea at different growth stages.