甘薯自然富硒能力测定及施硒方式对甘薯硒含量的影响

Natural Selenium-enriched Ability of Sweet Potatoes and Effect of Ways of Applying Selenium on Selenium Content of Sweet Potato

【目的】研究富硒栽培技术,筛选富硒能力强的甘薯品种,使甘薯硒含量达到地方标准要求,为改善广西甘薯品质提供参考。【方法】以广西主栽的10个甘薯品种为材料,在大田土壤含硒量0.38 mg/kg自然条件下,研究不同甘薯品种自然富硒能力的差异;在大田试验条件下,于薯块膨大期采用土施、喷施、土施+喷施3种方式对甘薯植株进行施硒处理,分析3种施用方式和不同施用量对甘薯成熟期薯块硒含量及甘薯产量的影响。【结果】不同甘薯品种成熟期薯块硒含量变幅为0.0031~0.0137 mg/kg,不同甘薯品种茎叶硒含量均高于薯块硒含量;施硒处理后,甘薯薯块中的硒含量增幅为39.13%~192.75%,产量增幅为0.15%~27.68%。【结论】10个甘薯品种中,桂紫薇薯1号富硒能力最强;不同施硒方式可显著提高甘薯薯块硒含量,甘薯富硒效果为:土施+喷施>喷施>土施,施硒后对鲜薯产量有一定的增产效果。

[ Objective] The aim was to screen sweet potato varieties with strong selenium-enriched ability, study the selenium-enriched cultivation techniques to control the Se content in sweet potato reaching Guangxi local standard, provide reference for improving the sweet potato quality in Guangxi. [ Method] Ten sweet potato varieties planted in Guangxi were used to study the natural selenium-enriched ability in the soil with Se content as 0.38 mg/kg. Then Guiziweishu No. 1 was treated by 3 ways of Se applying, including soil application, spraying and soil application ＋ spraying with Se solution at the earthnut expanding stage. The influences of different fertilizing ways on the Se content of fresh root tubers and the yield were investigated during maturity. [ Result] After ripeness, the Se contents in root-tuber of different sweet potato varieties ranged between 0. 0031 -0. 0137 mg/kg, and the Se content in stem and leaf were higher than that in root-tuber of sweet potato. After Se application, Se content in the root-tuber increased by 39.13 % - 192.75 %, and root-tuber yield increased by 0.15 % - 27.68 % among different varieties. [ Conclusion]Guiziweishu. 1 had the highest selenium-enriched ability among 10 sweet potato varieties. Different fertilizing of selenium significantly increased Se content in root-tuber of sweet potato, and the selenium-enriched efficiency were ranked as follows ： soil application ＋ spraying 〉 spraying 〉 soil application, and Se application also increased yield significantly.