独立人格培养的理想与现实途径——《爱弥儿》中教师引导与生活教育刍论

The Ideal Approach and Realistic Pathway of Cultivating Independent Personality:A Brief Analysis of Teacher's Guidance and Life Education in Emile,or On Education

卢梭的《爱弥儿》中阐述的自然教育体现了对儿童自然发展规律的重视,体育、智育、德育等几个方面的教育理念与具体方法对独立人格的培养有着重要意义。而著作的附录则从爱弥儿的角度体现了生活教育的重要作用——促进独立人格的养成与完善。教师引导和生活教育在学生独立人格的养成过程中分别起着初期引导和后期完善深化作用,二者相辅相成。当代教育中教师应当注重兴趣培养、知识获取过程以及价值观培养等方面,结合生活教育来培养人格独立、思想自由的人才。

The naturalism education elaborated in Jean Jacques Rousseau Is Emile, or On Education attaches great importance to principles of natural development of children. His ideas and concrete methods in physical, intellectual and moral education are respectively of different significance in nurturing independent personality. In addition, the life education in appendices of Emile, or On Education, which is reflected through Emile＇s change, promotes and perfects the cultivation of Emile＇s independent personality. In this process, teachers guide in the preliminary stage and life education perfects it in later stage. In modern education, to let students have independent personality and free thought, teachers should lay emphasis on the development of students＇interest, the process of acquiring knowledge and the cultivation of values and let them benefit from proper life education.