美国生物产业出口管制的贸易竞争力效应

Effect of Trade Competitiveness of Export Control of Biological Industry of USA

从美国军火清单和商业控制清单中梳理其有关生物产业的管制政策,采用顺差规模、市场份额和竞争力指数等指标,测算美国生物技术产品和生命科学产品的贸易竞争力的变化趋势,参照美国产业安全局发布的商业国家列表的管制标准,探讨不同管制强度下的贸易竞争力效应。结果发现,美国总体偏严的出口管制政策抑制了其技术领先优势向贸易竞争优势的转化,国别歧视性的出口管制政策未能普遍提升其与主要伙伴国的贸易竞争力。相对于严格出口管制而言,宽松管制政策更有助于美国提升贸易竞争力。

This paper combs the relevant export control policies of the biological industry from US military list and com- mercial control list, estimates trade competitiveness of US biological industry based on surplus scale, market share and trade competitiveness index, according to the control standard of the Commerce Country Chart issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security, this paper also studies the trade competitiveness effects versus various control intensity. The results show that the strict export control policy of US inhibits the transformation of technology leading advantage to trade competitive advantage, discriminatory export control policies fails to enhance the American competitiveness of trade with major partners. Compared with strict export control, deregulation policy is more conducive to the United States to enhance trade competitiveness.