“特别没收”的司法失衡与规范重塑——以“供犯罪所用的本人财物”之没收为视角

The Judicial Unbalance and Normative Rearrangement of “Special Confiscation” :from the Perspective of “Confiscation of the Criminal's Own Properties used in the Crime”

不同于刑法第59条规定的没收财产刑,刑法第64条规定的对犯罪分子违法所得、违禁品、供犯罪分子所用的本人财物的没收(特别没收),属于对涉案财物的最终处置方式。特别没收的性质应归为非刑罚性质的没收;适用特别没收时,应遵循法院最终处置原则、没收最大可能原则与提供救济原则;"供犯罪所用的本人财物"的范围应界定为犯罪工具以及包含在犯罪构成要件之中的财物;在适用特别没收条款时应注意对"供犯罪所用"与"本人财物"等条件的把握,参照罪刑均衡原则,并对该财物进行与违禁品相当性的判断。

As a final disposal of property involved, the confiscation of criminal illegal income, prohibited items and criminal＇s own properties used in the crime prescribed by Article 64 of Criminal Law is different from the special confiscation of property-oriented punishment in article 59. The special confiscation should be classified as a non-criminal confiscation of property. Its application should follow the principles of final disposal by the court, the highest possible confiscation and providing relief. The scope of the criminal＇s own properties used in the crime should be defined as criminal tools and properties constituted the elements of a crime. While applying the provision of special confiscation, attention should be paid to conditions of ＂used in the crime＂ and ＂the criminal＇s own properties＂, according to the principle of balance between crime and punishment. The properties here should be regarded as equivalent to prohibited items.