小桐子叶斑病菌塔宾曲霉的生物学特性研究

Study on Biological Characteristics of Aspergillus tubingensis Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Jatropha curcas

【目的】探讨碳源、氮源、温度、pH值、光照等对小桐子叶斑病塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubuingensis Moss.)的影响,为其防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用十字交叉法从碳源、氮源、温度、pH值、光照等方面对塔宾曲霉菌丝生长、产孢量的影响进行研究。【结果】塔宾曲霉在尿素、甘氨酸为唯一氮源之外的其他17种培养基上均能良好的生长,菌丝生长最佳碳氮源为甘露醇、牛肉膏;菌丝在23~37℃均能生长,最适温度为35℃,致死温度为65℃;培养基中pH值4~8时均能生长,最适pH值为8;此外,光照能促进菌丝生长。塔宾曲霉在尿素为唯一氮源之外的其他18种培养基上均能产孢,产孢最适碳氮源分别为可溶性淀粉、牛肉膏;在23~37℃均能产孢,最适温度35℃;培养基中pH值4~8时均能产孢,最适pH值为6;光照对孢子生长有促进作用。【结论】塔宾曲霉对环境的适应能力较强,对酸碱度敏感,可能与寄主小桐子的生长环境及叶片的生理生化性质有关。

[ Purpose ] The objective of this study was to provide theoretical foundation on prevention and control of Aspergillus tubuingensis Moss. causing leaf spot disease on Jatropha curcas L. [ Meth- od] The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, pH value, light on the mycelia growth and conidial production was studied with crossing method. [ Results ] A. tubuingensis could grow on 17 kinds of solid media except for urea and glycine and the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for mycelia growth were mannitol and beef extract, respectively. The fungus grew well between 23 -37 ℃, the most suitable temperature was 35 ℃, the lethal temperature was 65 ℃ ; the fungus could grow between 4 - 8 of pH value, the most suitable pH value was 8, and light promoted the growth of mycelia. The fungus could produce conidia on 18 kinds of solid media except for urea, the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for reproduction spore were starch and beef extract respective- ly; it could produce conidia between 23 - 37 ℃, the most suitable temperature was 35 ℃ ; it also could produce conidia at the regime of 4 - 8 of pH value, the most suitable pH value was 6, light pro- moted the reproduction of spore. [ Conclusions ] The results demonstrated that A. tubuingensis had a strong ability to adapt the environment, but it was sensitive to pH, which is related to environment of J. curcas and biological and biochemical characteristics of Jatropha leaves.