“十字打开”:孟子道德哲学的义理规模

"Open Cross":Righteousness Scope of Mencius' Moral Philosophy

孟子慨然以传扬和发挥孔子仁学为职志,以"十字打开"的方式,向上奠定道德价值的形上基础,贞定了出自本心的仁义原则,抉发儒家"性善论"千古一脉,向下追求日常生活之善,贯通物质追求和理义追求之同欲;横向上则把"四端"推扩至五伦及万物,并展开了道德修养的工夫次第,描述了道德境界的完整进阶,从而使仁学的深层内蕴及义理规模得以敞亮,极有益于道德,极有功于儒门。

Mencius aimed at inheriting and developing Confucius＂ doctrine of ＂ren（ 仁）＂with an academic ambition. He demonstrated this doctrine in a way of ＂open cross＂ （clearly） , i.e, upward, he laid a ontological foundation for moral values,and ascertained the principles of ren（仁 ）and yi（义） which stem from people＇s conscience, and explored Confu- cian theory of ＂good nature＂ as an eternal vein; downward,he sought the goodness in daily life,and made wealth-see- king and morality-seeking run into the same appetite;sideward,he extended the＂ four stems of our mind＂ into the five ethical relations and all things, gave the steps of moral cultivation, and described the complete progress of moral realm. By doing so, he made clear the deep connotations of principles of ren（仁）and the righteousness scope, which greatly benefited morality and Confucian School.