咸同间的官绅关系及其当代启示——源自刘如玉《勤慎堂自治官书》的分析

The Relationship between Gentries and Governors in Xianfeng-Tongzhi Period and Its Contemporary Revelation——from an analysis of LIU Ruyu's Qin Shen Tang Zi Zhi Guan Shu

咸丰、同治年间的州县令刘如玉与士绅的关系展示了官、绅之间既有协作又有制衡的良性互动。在大敌当前、兵临城下的危急时刻,官、绅合力组织并动员民众,众志成城,守护家园,屡战屡胜;在钱粮之类的赋税征收上,作为地方利益代表的士绅们,则明显地展示了"保护型经纪"的一面,表现出不愿在战火摧残之余苛敛扰民的乡土情怀,对钱粮征收消极应付,而作为官的县令也有与民休养生息的矛盾心态,因而迁就士绅,避免了苛政病民、激化事端的现象,呈现了士绅"匡官长之不逮"的局面;在文化教育领域,官、绅之间如鱼得水,官捐款办教育,绅赋诗著文颂官之政绩,颇具相知相得相助的融洽。这种官绅关系,对当前的新乡贤培育及乡村治理有着多方面的启示。

The relationship between LIU Ruyu and the gentries in Xianfeng and Tongzhi period shows the good coodi- native-balancing interaction between the officials and the gentries. In the critical moment of the enemy attack, officials and gentries came together to organize and mobilize the people, guarding their homes and winning every battle. On the taxation, the gentries who represented the local interests clearly demonstrated the feature of the ＂protective bro- ker＂, showed the nostalgia in their reluctance to harass and disturb the locals, and in their negative collection of mon- ey and grain, and the county magistrates as the officials also recuperated with the people with ambivalence, and thus indulged the gentries, to save the people from suffering from the tyranny and avoid stirring up trouble. There even ap- peared a situation in which the gentries could correct the magistrates without being arrested. In the field of culture and education, the relationship between officials and gentries is very harmonious. Officials donated money to education, and gentries wrote poetry and articles to praise officials＂ performance. The relationship between such officials and gen- tries has many implications for the current cultivation of new country gentleman and rural governance.