基于水肥耦合模型的上海地区设施番茄水肥方案研究

Water-fertilizer scheme of greenhouse tomato production in Shanghai based on the water-fertilizer coupling model

为探究最佳番茄水肥方案,以番茄品种‘金棚1号’为试验材料,依据二元二次正交旋转组合设计原理,设置不同基质含水量和施肥量组合,测定其对番茄水肥利用效率、产量、综合品质的影响,并建立数学模型。结果表明:基质含水量与施肥量对番茄产量和综合品质影响的模型均达到显著水平,且肥对产量的影响大于水,对品质的影响小于水。综合分析推荐番茄水肥方案为苗期、开花坐果期、果实成熟期的基质含水量分别为74%—77%、94%—97%、84%—87%,N、P_2O_5、K_2O、Ca、Mg的总追肥量分别为236.7—255.8 kg/hm^2、100.05—108.2 kg/hm^2、496.65—536.7 kg/hm^2、183.45—198.2 kg/hm^2、52.8—57.0 kg/hm^2。

To optimize the water-fertilizer scheme of greenhouse tomato production, ＇ Jinpeng 1 ＇ were used as materials to explored the effects of water and fertilizer on their use efficiency, yield and quality of tomato under different relative water content and fertilizer control levels, and the models were established with the design of quadratic orthogonal rotational combinations. The results showed that the model was significant, and fertilizer had greater effect on yield and weaker effect on quality than water. Through comprehensive analysis, the recommended management of water and fertilizer was suggested as follows：the relative water contents in seedling period, blooming and setting period, and fruit maturity period were 74%-77%, 94%-97%, and 84%-87%, respectively; the fertilizer was 236. 7--255. 8 kg/hm^2 of N, 100. 05-108. 2 kg/hm^2 of P205,496. 65- 536.7 kg/hm^2 of K2O, 183.45-198.2 kg/hm^2 of Ca,52.8-57.0 kg/hm^2 of Mg.