淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素

Characters of hydrochemistry and their influenced factors of different waters in the Linhuan coal mining subsidence area of Huaibei City

为研究淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体的补给水源及溶质来源,在现场调查的基础上,系统采集丰水期、平水期、枯水期沉陷区积水、地表河水和浅层地下水样进行测试分析,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图和因子分析方法,对不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素进行讨论.结果表明:地表水水体总溶解性固体(TDS)质量浓度表现为枯水期>丰水期>平水期,浅层地下水表现为枯水期>平水期>丰水期,地表水TDS质量浓度明显高于浅层地下水.地表水中主要阴阳离子为Na^+、Cl^-和SO_4^(2-),水化学类型主要为SO_4^(2-)-Cl^--Na^+型;浅层地下水离子以HCO_3^-、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)为主,表现为HCO_3^--Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)型.结合Gibbs图和因子分析可知,地表水受蒸发作用、地表径流以及采煤活动等因素影响,浅层地下水在一定程度上体现出大气降水和地表水补给的特点,受岩石风化作用影响较为明显.

In order to research the interaction of water sources and dissolved solids in surface water and groundwater in the Linhuan coal mining subsidence area,81 water samples were collected from surface water and groundwater during the periods of wet period,median water period,and dry period. The concentrations,compositions and types of major ions were analyzed. The influence factors were discussed by Piper graph,Gibbs graph and the method of factor analysis. The results indicate that： Total dissolved solids（TDS） are in the order of dry season wet season median water period in surface water,and in the order of dry period median water period wet period in groundwater. The TDS of surface water are obviously higher than those of groundwater. Na＋,Cl-and SO_4^（2-）are major ions in surface water,and mainly belong to the water chemistry type of SO_4^（2-）-Cl^--Na~＋. HCO_3^-,Ca^（2＋）and Mg^（2＋）are major ions in groundwater,and belong to the water chemistry type of HCO_3^--Ca^（2＋）-Mg^（2＋）. The Gibbs graph and factor analysis show that intense evaporation process,surface runoff and mining activities occurred in the surface water. To a certain extent,shallow groundwater reflects the characteristics of atmospheric precipitation and recharges of surface water,which is mainly influenced by rock weathering degrees.