民法典热背景下的宪法学冷思考——以民法典未来实施为线索

Rethinking the Constitution Studies against the Background of the Civil Code: with a Special Reference to the Implementation of the Civil Code

编纂民法典是当下法学界的头等大事,在此种热情高涨激情澎湃的背后,需要冷静思考后续影响,特别是当前的宪法秩序能否保障民法典颁布之后顺利实施。民法典对民事关系的调整并不是孤立的真空的,而是存在于形形色色客观真实的物质世界中,容易受多种因素的影响。通过比较研究的方法,从古今中外民法典实施状况的对比中可以发现,没有良好的宪法秩序,民法典最终将沦为一纸空文。当前宪法秩序中仍然存在一些阻碍民法典顺利实施的因素,如宪法定位有所偏离被局限于公法领域,长期以来宪法缺位导致宪法权威受损,公民法治意识淡薄私权主体尚不发达等。宪法学者需审慎思考该如何有效规范公权力,并提升公民的宪法意识和权利保护思维,促进私权主体特别是公益组织的有序发展,为民法典的实施创造良好的法治环境。

Codification of the Civil Law enjoys the scholarly enthusiasm and takes the priority in the current scholarship of forensic studies and however,it's necessary to think about the subsequent effects of codification of the Civil Law and its guarantee of the smooth implementation of the Civil Code by the current constitutional order.Indeed,the codification of the Civil Law largely relies on the experts working in the field of Civil Law studies;however,in practice,it's implementation is also dependent on the true reality of national laws,because the civil relations adjusted by the Civil Law is co-related to the objective material world and usually subject to various variables in the society.The previous studies of the comparison of the Civil Law practice between the ancient and present societies across China and the other foreign countries show that the Civil Code will be remain empty with no good constitutional order.Therefore,it's necessary for the scholars to think how to effectively regulate the public authority and power to provide a good legal environment for the implementation of the Civil Law.