科学探究的问答逻辑及其博弈模型

The Interrogative Logic and Its Game Model of Scientific Inquiry

传统科学哲学普遍聚焦于科学范畴、科学证据的静态结构以及科学知识的辩护等问题,而忽视了对科学探究活动本身即"发现语境"的动态分析。当代著名哲学家兼逻辑学家雅各·亨迪卡长期致力于科学动力学研究,将科学探究视为一场探究者(科学家)与信息源(自然)之间的问答博弈,建立了科学探究的问答逻辑及其博弈模型,为科学探究提供了更为贴近现实的动态框架。该框架不仅可以清晰地揭示出科学探究的复杂性和多样性,而且还有助于阐明科学探究的一致性和不确定性等疑难问题,具有较强的解释力和深刻的哲学意蕴。

The traditional philosophy of science is generally focused on scientific category, the static structure of the scientific evidence and the justification of scientific knowledge, but neglects of dynamic analysis of science inquiry activity itself, viz. “context of discovery”. Jaakko Hintikka, who is a contemporary famous philosopher and logician, long-term commits to the dynamics of science. He regarded scientific inquiry as an interrogative game between inquirers （ scientists） and information source （ nature）, established a questioning- and-answering logic and the game model of scientific inquiry. Hintikka’s dynamic framework is more closed to the reality of scientific inquiry which is not only can clearly reveal the complexity and diversity of scientific inquiry, but also contributes to clarify the problems of consistency and uncertainty of science inquiry, having strong explanatory power and profound philosophical significance.