南京4所高校一、二年级学生健康素养现况分析及对策

Present situation about the health literacy of freshman and sophomore college students in four universities in Nanjing

目的:分析南京有代表性的4所高校1-2年级大学生健康素养现状,提出提高健康素养的建议。方法:在《2008中国公民健康素养调查问卷》基础上设计大学生健康素养问卷,采用整群抽样的方法,对643例大学生进行健康素养调查。结果:调查对象具备健康素养的比例为10.35%,健康基本知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、健康基本技能素养3个维度具备的比例分别为31.26%、3.70%、46.25%;医学生具备的健康素养最高;男生健康技能素养水平高于女生;大二学生具备的健康技能素养水平高于大一学生;城镇生源地学生具备的健康技能素养水平高于乡村生源地;父母亲受教育程度影响大学生具备的健康素养水平。结论:建议通过提高大学生对健康素养的认识、完善与拓宽学校健康教育方式、重视家庭教育、营造健康支持性环境等四方面合力提高大学生健康素养。

Objective： To understand the status of health literacy among freshman and sophomore college students in four universities in Nanjing and to provide targeted recommendations for improving health literacy. Methods：Based on the questionnaire survey of Chinese citizens＇ health literacy in 2008,a questionnaire survey was used to investigate 643 college students. Results： The proportion of students who had held health literacy was 10. 35%. The holding rate of health belief,the forming rate of health behavior and the mastering rate of health skill were31. 26%,3. 70% and 46. 25% respectively. The proportion of medical college students who had held health literacy was the highest. The mastering rate of health skill among male students was higher than that of female students.The sophomore students had higher health literacy than the freshman students. The holding rate of health literacy among students from urban areas was higher than that of students from rural areas. Parental educational level was relate to health literacy level. Conclusion： Suggestions were put forward from four aspects to improve college students＇ health literacy： improving college students＇ awareness of health literacy,broadening the way of school health education,attaching importance to family education and create a supportive environment for health.