特长隧道环境下驾驶人注视转移特性研究

Research on fixation transition characteristics of drivers in extra-long tunnel

为了研究不同经验驾驶人在高速公路特长隧道环境下的注视转移特性,在高速公路特长隧道中开展实车实验,利用i View X HED型眼动仪采集了32名不同经验驾驶人的眼动数据。运用动态聚类方法,对驾驶人注视区域进行划分,分析了职业与非职业驾驶员在高速公路隧道不同段与普通路段的注视转移规律与注意力分配特性。结果表明:相较于非职业驾驶人,职业驾驶员具有较强的注视前瞻性,且在隧道的不同段主要注视的区域因行车环境不同变化较小;驾驶人对同一目标需要重复注视才能提取足够的信息,且当行车环境复杂度增加或驾驶员驾驶经验不足时,重复注视概率增加;驾驶人在不同路段行车时,主要通过注视中间区域获取信息;行车环境与驾驶经验对驾驶人在中间近处、左侧区域及内后视镜区域的注视平稳分布存在显著的交互作用。

In order to investigate the fixation transition characteristics of drivers with different driving experience in extra-long tunnel on expressway,the real vehicle tests were conducted in expressway extra-long tunnel,and the eye movement data of 32 drivers with different driving experience were collected by using the iView X HED eye tracker. The fixation areas of the drivers were distinguished by using the dynamic cluster method,and the fixation transition rules and attention distribution characteristics of professional drivers and non-professional drivers while driving in different sections of expressway tunnel and common road were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the non-professional drivers,the professional drivers had the stronger fixation forward-looking,and their main fixation areas in different sections of tunnel had few change in different driving environments. The repeated fixation on the same object was necessary for drivers to obtain sufficient information,and the probability of repeated fixation increased when the complexity of driving environment increased or the driving experience of driver was insufficient. The drivers mainly obtained the information through the fixation on the middle area when driving in different sections. The driving environment and driving experience had significant interaction effect on the steady distribution of fixation on the near middle area,the left side area and the interior rear-view mirror area.